Publications by authors named "A Arner"
Article Synopsis
- James Neel's Thrifty Genotype Hypothesis suggests that genetic traits promoting energy conservation and fat storage were advantageous during resource-scarce periods in human evolution but now contribute to modern health issues like obesity and type 2 diabetes in industrialized societies.
- Despite its popularity and extensive citations, the applicability of the Thrifty Genotype Hypothesis to current human health remains debatable, leading to exploration of other theories such as the Evolutionary Mismatch Hypothesis.
- The text emphasizes the need for new empirical research, particularly through partnerships with transitioning subsistence-level communities, to better understand the impact of evolutionary history on modern cardiometabolic health, using the Orang Asli of Malaysia as a case study.
Background: Many subsistence-level and Indigenous societies around the world are rapidly experiencing urbanization, nutrition transition, and integration into market-economies, resulting in marked increases in cardiometabolic diseases. Determining the most potent and generalized drivers of changing health is essential for identifying vulnerable communities and creating effective policies to combat increased chronic disease risk across socio-environmental contexts. However, comparative tests of how different lifestyle features affect the health of populations undergoing lifestyle transitions remain rare, and require comparable, integrated anthropological and health data collected in diverse contexts.
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- Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most prevalent cancer in children, and while initial treatment outcomes are typically positive, relapses lead to poor prognoses.
- The study introduced a zebrafish xenotransplantation model for better understanding the complex interactions between leukemic cells and their tumor microenvironment, enhancing the ability to analyze cell behavior in real-time.
- Findings revealed that leukemic cells proliferated in a specific hematopoietic niche and displayed distinct patterns of movement, forming clusters, which could help researchers investigate how niche interactions contribute to leukemia progression and relapse.
Without intervention, cardiac arrhythmias pose a risk of fatality. However, timely intervention can be challenging in environments where transporting a large, heavy defibrillator is impractical, or emergency surgery to implant cardiac stimulation devices is not feasible. Here, we introduce an injectable cardiac stimulator, a syringe loaded with a nanoparticle solution comprising a conductive polymer and a monomer that, upon injection, forms a conductive structure around the heart for cardiac stimulation.
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- In muscular dystrophies, muscle fibers deteriorate and die, leading to suffering and early mortality, but extraocular muscles (EOMs) remain functional despite disease progression.
- Research on zebrafish reveals significant differences in gene expression between EOMs and trunk muscles, particularly focusing on the LIM-protein Fhl2.
- The study suggests Fhl2 plays a protective role against muscle dystrophies and could be a potential target for therapeutic intervention, as its expression can improve outcomes in zebrafish models of Duchenne muscular dystrophy.