Congenital heart defects in two siblings in an Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome family.

Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome is a genetically heterogeneous, autosomal dominant disorder characterized by anomalies of the anterior segment of the eye, face, teeth, and umbilicus. Many other extraocular findings, including congenital heart defects, have been reported in association with this syndrome. It has been suggested by some investigators that the coexistence of Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome and congenital heart defects is not a chance event but it represents a distinct entity.

Systemic lupus erythematosus presenting with pseudotumor cerebri: a rare association.

We describe a 13-year-old systemic lupus erythematous (SLE) patient who presented with severe headache. The diagnosis of pseudotumor cerebri (PTC) was confirmed by an increased intracranial pressure and normal neuroimaging studies of the brain, including magnetic resonance (MR) venography. She later developed a Coombs positive anemia, lymphopenia, positive tests for antinuclear antibody (ANA) and anti-dsDNA and a migratory polyarthritis confirming the diagnosis of SLE.

The role of larger osteotomy in long term success in external dacryocystorhinostomy.

Aim: This study aims to investigate whether it is possible to create a critical size bone defect in external dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR), and also at what size a defect can be considered as being critical for a successful surgical outcome.

Methods: Eighteen patients undergoing 19 external dacryocystorhinostomies, with the creation of wide osteotomies, were enrolled in this retrospective study. A 2 x 2 cm bone defect, which was considered as the critical size, was created.

Comparison of failed and successful dacryocystorhinostomy by using computed tomographic dacryocystography findings.

Purpose: To compare the spiral computed tomographic dacryocystography (CT-DCG) findings of failed and successful dacryocystorhinostomies (DCR) and to detect the possible causes of failure before reoperation.

Methods: Eighteen patients with failed and 15 patients with functional DCR were examined by spiral CT-DCG, a combination of contrast dacryocystography and spiral computed tomography. Radiologists, who were blinded to the clinical status of the patients, measured the diameter of the osteotomy window, evaluated its position relative to the lacrimal sac, and documented any abnormal findings around the osteotomy, which may contribute to the failure of DCR.

Bilateral complete avulsion of ocular globes in a Le Fort III maxillofacial fracture: a case report and review of the literature.

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate a case of bilateral complete avulsion of the globes following maxillofacial trauma.

Methods: A 23-year-old man with bilateral complete globe avulsion following a maxillofacial trauma. Both globes were luxated out of the orbit and suspended on the skin of the upper lid below the brows.