Stimulation of skeletal stem cells in the growth plate promotes linear bone growth.

Recently, skeletal stem cells were shown to be present in the epiphyseal growth plate (epiphyseal skeletal stem cells, epSSCs), but their function in connection with linear bone growth remains unknown. Here, we explore the possibility that modulating the number of epSSCs can correct differences in leg length. First, we examined regulation of the number and activity of epSSCs by Hedgehog (Hh) signaling.

Consensus for management of sacral fractures: from the diagnosis to the treatment, with a focus on the role of decompression in sacral fractures.

Background: There is no evidence in the current literature about the best treatment option in sacral fracture with or without neurological impairment.

Materials And Methods: The Italian Pelvic Trauma Association (A.I.

Tumor microenvironment enriches the stemness features: the architectural event of therapy resistance and metastasis.

Cancer divergence has many facets other than being considered a genetic term. It is a tremendous challenge to understand the metastasis and therapy response in cancer biology; however, it postulates the opportunity to explore the possible mechanism in the surrounding tumor environment. Most deadly solid malignancies are distinctly characterized by their tumor microenvironment (TME).

Perioperative Carcinoid Crisis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Surgery is the only curative option for patients with neuroendocrine tumors (NET) and is also indicated for debulking of liver metastasis. Intraoperative carcinoid crisis (CC) is thought to be a potentially lethal complication. Though perioperative octreotide is often recommended for prevention, recent NET society guidelines raised concerns regarding limited data supporting its use.

States' pharmacist immunization authority and the impact on adult influenza vaccination rates.

Background: Pharmacist-provided vaccinations are cost effective, readily accessible, and support the efforts of our nation's public health goals. Pharmacist authority to administer vaccines varies state by state, and these authorities may have an impact on state influenza vaccination rates.

Objective: To analyze the impact of varied state pharmacist immunization authorities on adult and older adult influenza vaccination rates for the 2018-2019 influenza season.