Metabolic impact of heterologous protein production in Pseudomonas putida: Insights into carbon and energy flux control.

For engineered microorganisms, the production of heterologous proteins that are often useless to host cells represents a burden on resources, which have to be shared with normal cellular processes. Within a certain metabolic leeway, this competitive process has no impact on growth. However, once this leeway, or free capacity, is fully utilized, the extra load becomes a metabolic burden that inhibits cellular processes and triggers a broad cellular response, reducing cell growth and often hindering the production of heterologous proteins.

Algorithm for early discharge after total thyroidectomy using PTH to predict hypocalcemia: prospective study.

Purpose: Hypocalcemia is the most common complication after total thyroidectomy. The aim of this study was to determine whether postoperative parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels predict hypocalcemia in order to design an algorithm for early discharge.

Methods: We present a prospective study including patients who underwent total thyroidectomy.

Trivalvular/bivalvular heart: a philosophical, scientific and therapeutic concept.

Background And Aim Of The Study: In 1967, following the replacement of infected tricuspid valves in drug addicts with incurable endocarditis, all patients died. The study aim was to determine if tricuspid valve removal, rather than replacement, might offer these patients an improved outcome.

Methods: Since July 1970, we have operated on 55 patients with intractable right-sided endocarditis.