The Orientation in Space of the Maxillary Arch: New and Old Devices in the Prosthetic Digital Workflow.

Objective: In extensive prosthetic rehabilitations and in those involving the anterior area, a correct 3D spatial position is of fundamental importance for effective communication between the clinician and the dental technician. The aim of this article is to analyze the different methods used to position in space and/or in an articulator the maxillary arch in analog workflows highlighting shortcomings and difficulties in order to understand how to overcome them when employing digital workflows.

Overview: Traditional mechanical devices, such as anatomical, kinematic, esthetic and postural facebows, have clear indications, but also limitations, especially in cases of skeletal asymmetries.

Working Models in the Digital Workflow: Are They Reliable?

Purpose: This position paper summarizes all relevant aspects of the use of working models derived from digital data in digital and hybrid workflows, aiming to (1) provide the reader with a comprehensive review of the types of models that currently can be produced from a digital file created by an intraoral scanner (IOS); (2) critically analyze issues that may undermine or compromise their reliability when requested for the fabrication of both tooth-borne and implant-supported fixed dental prostheses (FDPs); and (3) indicate the procedures to be implemented in order to overcome these issues and produce satisfactory restorations.

Materials And Methods: By way of a thorough literature review, the authors highlight the critical issues of milled and 3D-printed models, solid and alveolar, explaining the differences in terms of accuracy and reliability.

Results And Conclusions: By describing the peculiarities of models with prepared natural teeth and those incorporating metal implant analogs, the clinical indications for their use are given while proposing the strategies that can be adopted to avoid errors during fabrication or to overcome inaccuracies.

Digital workflow in implant prosthodontics: The critical aspects for reliable accuracy.

Introduction: This paper is a comprehensive treaty about the variables that influence the transfer of the position of an implant to the laboratory when using a digital workflow.

Objective: The aim is to provide operators and manufacturers with a guide on how to improve certain aspects of the digital workflow specific to the fabrication of implant-supported restorations.

Overview: It addresses intraoral scanning issues and CAD software issues.

Incidence of milk leakage after dry-off in European dairy herds, related risk factors, and its role in new intramammary infections.

The incidence of milk leakage (ML) after dry-off (DO) and related risk factors was studied in 1,175 dairy cows from 41 commercial herds in 8 European countries: Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, and Spain. Milk leakage was assessed twice for 30 s each during 3 visits at 20 to 24 h, 30 to 34 h, and 48 to 52 h after DO. Information related to dry-cow management and udder health was collected at herd and cow level, including individual somatic cell count (ISCC) from test-day controls and occurrence of clinical mastitis cases from DO until 30 d in lactation.