A Simulated Mass Casualty Incident Triage Exercise: SimWars.

Introduction: This multipatient simulation exercise encompasses triage by hospital medical providers during a mass casualty incident (MCI) involving gas line explosion with building collapse. The SimWars format allows two teams to participate in identical simulations coupled with active audience observation, followed by facilitated group discussion. The exercise requires real-time knowledge application of MCI management and helps learners develop a framework for rapidly classifying and dispositioning MCI patients.

Cervical collar-related pressure ulcers in trauma patients in intensive care unit.

Introduction: The application of a cervical collar (C-collar) in trauma patients can be life-saving. Previous studies, however, describe development of pressure ulcers related to C-collars.

Objective: To retrospectively compare collar-related pressure ulcers (CRPUs) occurring in trauma patients admitted to the intensive care unit wearing a C-collar before and after implementation of preventive interventions and to identify risk factors for CRPU development.

Endogenous cytokinin in developing kiwifruit is implicated in maintaining fruit flesh chlorophyll levels.

Background And Aims: Green kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) retain high concentrations of chlorophyll in the fruit flesh, whereas in gold-fleshed kiwifruit (A. chinensis) chlorophyll is degraded to colourless catabolites during fruit development, leaving yellow carotenoids visible. The plant hormone group the cytokinins has been implicated in the delay of senescence, and so the aim of this work was to investigate the link between cytokinin levels in ripening fruit and chlorophyll de-greening.

Chelator profiling in Deschampsia cespitosa (L.) Beauv. Reveals a Ni reaction, which is distinct from the ABA and cytokinin associated response to Cd.

Plant hormones, including abscisic acid (ABA) and cytokinins (CKs), fluctuate as a result of excess metal exposure. Changes in hormonal concentration regulate plant growth and may also signal activation of metal chelators. The grass Deschampsia cespitosa was dosed with either Ni or Cd or pulsed with exogenous ABA.