The Role of IgE in Crohn's Disease by Impairing the Capacity of Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells to Generate FOXP3 Tregs.

Background: A causal relationship between Crohn's disease (CD) and asthma is reported, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. We sought to investigate the role of IgE and IgE-mediated pathways in the pathophysiology of CD.

Methods: 20 CD patients, 10 allergic patients without inflammatory bowel disease, and 10 healthy donors (HD) were included in the study.

Trained immunity-based vaccines for infections and allergic diseases.

Trained immunity has emerged as a new concept in immunology that is associated with the memory of innate immune cells and linked to specific metabolic and epigenetic reprogramming of these cells. Trained immunity may confer nonspecific and sustained protection against a broad range of pathogens, and recent findings show that it might also be involved in allergy mechanisms. Some conventional vaccines have demonstrated trained immunity induction as the mechanism underlying their heterologous protection.

Grass pollen allergoids conjugated with mannan for subcutaneous and sublingual immunotherapy: a dose-finding study.

Background: Polymerized allergoids conjugated with mannan represent a novel approach of allergen immunotherapy targeting dendritic cells. In this study, we aimed to determine the optimal dose of mannan-allergoid conjugates derived from grass pollen ( and ) administered via either the subcutaneous or sublingual route.

Methods: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with a double-dummy design was conducted, involving 162 participants across 12 centers in Spain.

Simultaneous Formate and Syngas Conversion Boosts Growth and Product Formation by .

Electrocatalytic CO reduction to CO and formate can be coupled to gas fermentation with anaerobic microorganisms. In combination with a competing hydrogen evolution reaction in the cathode in aqueous medium, the in situ, electrocatalytic produced syngas components can be converted by an acetogenic bacterium, such as , into acetate, ethanol, and 2,3-butanediol. In order to study the simultaneous conversion of CO, CO, and formate together with H with , fed-batch processes were conducted with continuous gassing using a fully controlled stirred tank bioreactor.