Effectiveness study of recrystallisation method in pharmaceutical salt production from processed salt with zero waste concept.

Indonesia's vast archipelago offers abundant seawater resources, holding the potential for salt production. Salt, a vital commodity in human life, typically contains sodium chloride and impurities like Ca, Mg, SO, and K. Pharmaceutical salt is an industrial category adhering to pharmacopoeial standards regarding sodium chloride levels and impurity content, ensuring quality for drug preparations in Indonesia.

Poly lactic acid production using the ring opening polymerization (ROP) method using Lewis acid surfactant combined iron (Fe) catalyst (Fe(DS)).

LASC catalyst synthesis process was carried out using iron metal (Fe) and its characterization properties were tested. There are five stages carried out, namely, the manufacture of the LASC Fe(DS)3 catalyst, lactic acid dehydration, polycondensation of lactic acid into l-lactic acid oligomers (OLLA), depolymerization of oligomers into l-lactide, and the ROP process to convert l-lactide into Polymers. l-lactic acid (PLLA).