Co-ultramicronized palmitoylethanolamide/luteolin normalizes GABA-ergic activity and cortical plasticity in long COVID-19 syndrome.

Objective: Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) studies showed that patients with cognitive dysfunction and fatigue after COVID-19 exhibit impaired cortical GABAergic activity, as revealed by reduced long-interval intracortical inhibition (LICI). Aim of this study was to test the effects of co-ultramicronized palmitoylethanolamide/luteolin (PEA-LUT), an endocannabinoid-like mediator able to enhance GABA-ergic transmission and to reduce neuroinflammation, on LICI.

Methods: Thirty-nine patients (26 females, mean age 49.

Experimental Protocol to Test Explicit Motor Learning-Cerebellar Theta Burst Stimulation.

Implicit and explicit motor learning processes work interactively in everyday life to promote the creation of highly automatized motor behaviors. The cerebellum is crucial for motor sequence learning and adaptation, as it contributes to the error correction and to sensorimotor integration of on-going actions. A non-invasive cerebellar stimulation has been demonstrated to modulate implicit motor learning and adaptation.

Altered motor cortex physiology and dysexecutive syndrome in patients with fatigue and cognitive difficulties after mild COVID-19.

Background And Purpose: Fatigue and cognitive difficulties are reported as the most frequently persistent symptoms in patients after mild SARS-CoV-2 infection. An extensive neurophysiological and neuropsychological assessment of such patients was performed focusing on motor cortex physiology and executive cognitive functions.

Methods: Sixty-seven patients complaining of fatigue and/or cognitive difficulties after resolution of mild SARS-CoV-2 infection were enrolled together with 22 healthy controls (HCs).

Balance dysfunction in Parkinson's disease.

Stability and mobility in functional motor activities depend on a precise regulation of phasic and tonic muscular activity that is carried out automatically, without conscious awareness. The sensorimotor control of posture involves a complex integration of multisensory inputs that results in a final motor adjustment process. All or some of the components of this system may be dysfunctional in Parkinsonian patients, rendering postural instability one of the most disabling features of Parkinson's disease (PD).