Upper limb muscle overgrowth with hypoplasia of the index finger: a new over-growth syndrome caused by the somatic PIK3CA mutation c.3140A>G.

Background: Scientists have previously described an overgrowth syndrome in Saudi patients and named it 'Upper limb muscle overgrowth with hypoplasia of the index finger' syndrome.

Case Presentation: We describe a new case and document that the syndrome is caused by the somatic PIK3CA mutation c.3140A>G, p.

Obstetric brachial plexus injury. Knowledge among health care providers in Saudi Arabia.

To assess the basic knowledge on obstetric brachial plexus injury among obstetricians, pediatricians, and physio-/occupational therapists in major hospitals in Riyadh.  We aimed to identify if inadequate knowledge is the reason behind delayed referrals to the Hand Clinic. Methods: This is a cross-sectional questionnaire-based study  conducted at 5 major hospitals in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia between June 2015 and August 2015.

Liebenberg syndrome is caused by a deletion upstream to the PITX1 gene resulting in transformation of the upper limbs to reflect lower limb characteristics.

Liebenberg syndrome (MIM 186550) is a very rare autosomal dominant condition characterized by three main features: dysplasia of all of the bony components of the elbow joint, abnormalities in the shape of carpal bones, and brachydactyly. In this paper, we report a Saudi Arabian family with Liebenberg syndrome. Comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) revealed a 275-kb deletion within the cytogenetic band 5q31.

Bacillary angiomatosis presenting as a pyogenic granuloma of the hand in an otherwise apparently healthy patient.

Bacillary angiomatosis is a rare opportunistic infection caused by the gram-negative bacteria Bartonella. The infection is strongly related to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, and hence, the diagnosis is usually considered based on the fact that the patient is HIV positive. We report on a case of bacillary angiomatosis presenting as a pyogenic granuloma of the hand in an otherwise apparently healthy man.

Tuberculosis of the hand.

There has been recent interest in tuberculosis of the hand because of a rising incidence owing to increasing numbers of immigration, an aging population, and immunosuppressed people including affected patients with human immunodeficiency virus. In this article, we review the epidemiology, bacteriology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and principles of treatment of tuberculosis of the hand. The second part of the report emphasizes the classification of hand tuberculosis (cutaneous lesions, tenosynovitis, bursitis, osteomyelitis, arthritis, and tuberculous hypersensitivity reactions) along with the classic presentations of each of these hand lesions.