Fault detection using PDE-based observer in transport flow.

This paper deals with the state fault detection scheme for distribution flow networks subject to continuously varying conditions at boundaries. A robust PDE detection observer for transport flow systems is designed. Directly built on the nonlinear hyperbolic systems of balance laws model with anti-collocated setup, the PDE observer based on backstepping theory provide the on-line estimation of signals that are not measured.

Comparative Study on the Macroscopic Characteristics of Gasoline and Ethanol Spray from a GDI Injector under Injection Pressures of 10 and 60 MPa.

To reduce particulate matter (PM) emissions from vehicles powered by gasoline direct injection (GDI) engines, increasing the fuel injection pressure has been one promising approach. However, a comparison of macroscopic characteristics between gasoline and ethanol from a GDI injector under an ultrahigh injection pressure of more than 50 MPa has not been reported. The experimental study presented in this paper can provide some new and valuable information about comparing and analyzing the macroscopic characteristics of gasoline and ethanol spray from a GDI injector in both front and side views under injection pressures of 10 and 60 MPa.

Implementation of Oxy-Fuel Combustion (OFC) Technology in a Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) Engine Fueled with Gasoline-Ethanol Blends.

Nowadays, to mitigate the global warming problem, the requirement of carbon neutrality has become more urgent. Oxy-fuel combustion (OFC) has been proposed as a promising way of carbon capture and storage (CCS) to eliminate carbon dioxide (CO) emissions. This article explores the implementation of OFC technology in a practical gasoline direct injection (GDI) engine fueled with gasoline-ethanol blends, including E0 (gasoline), E25 (25% ethanol, 75% is gasoline in mass fraction), and E50 (50% ethanol, 50% is gasoline in mass fraction).

Aging increases p16 INK4a expression in vascular smooth-muscle cells.

Alteration of VSMC (vascular smooth-muscle cell) physiology is associated with the development of atherosclerosis and restenosis. We hypothesize that aging up-regulates the expression of p16 INK4a in VSMCs, which may increase the susceptibility of blood vessels to vascular occlusive diseases. Aortic VSMCs were obtained from young and aged mice.

An internal ribosome entry site mediates the initiation of soluble guanylyl cyclase beta2 mRNA translation.

The soluble guanylyl cyclases (sGC), the receptor for nitric oxide, are heterodimers consisting of an alpha- and beta-subunit. This study aimed to investigate the translational mechanism of the sGC beta2-subunit. Two mRNA species for sGC beta2 were isolated from human kidney.