Faculty and Student Perceptions of Unauthorized Collaborations in the Preclinical Curriculum: Student or System Failure?

Purpose: Unauthorized collaboration among medical students, including the unauthorized provision of assistance and sharing of curricular and assessment materials, is a reported problem. While many faculty view such sharing as academic dishonesty, students do not always perceive these behaviors as problematic. With the trend toward more small-group and team-based learning and the proliferation of resource-sharing and online study aids, collaboration and sharing may have become a student norm.

Retrospective review of complications and outcomes in COVID-19-positive patients with comorbidities undergoing limb salvage procedures in a tertiary care wound center.

Introduction: COVID-19 illness is associated with increased operative risks, ranging from delayed wound healing and coagulopathy to increased risk of mortality.

Objective: This article describes the authors' recent experience of the implications of COVID-19 on limb salvage procedures.

Materials And Methods: Patients who underwent LE limb salvage procedures within 30 days of a positive COVID-19 diagnosis were retrospectively reviewed.

M-MDSC generation from mouse bone marrow with IL-3 reveals high expression and functional activity of arginase 1.

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) represent major regulators of immune responses, which can control T cells their inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)- and arginase 1 (Arg1)-mediated effector functions. While GM-CSF is well documented to promote MDSC development, little is known about this potential of IL-3, an established growth factor for mast cells. Here, we show that IL-3, similar to GM-CSF, generates monocytic MDSC (M-MDSC) from murine bone marrow (BM) cells after 3 days of culture.