MRI-based methodology to monitor the impact of positional changes on the airway caliber in obstructive sleep apnea patients.

Purpose: To develop a non-invasive MRI-based methodology to visually and quantitatively assess the impact of head and chest rotations on the airway caliber.

Methods: An MRI table set-up was developed for independent rotations of the head and chest along B field and tested for feasibility using phantom scans. The accuracy of the head and chest rotations was validated with ten volunteer scans.

Spinal Cord Stimulation (SCS) and Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI): Modulation of Cortical Connectivity With Therapeutic SCS.

Introduction: The neurophysiological basis of pain relief due to spinal cord stimulation (SCS) and the related cortical processing of sensory information are not completely understood. The aim of this study was to use resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) to detect changes in cortical networks and cortical processing related to the stimulator-induced pain relief.

Methods: Ten patients with complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) or neuropathic leg pain underwent thoracic epidural spinal cord stimulator implantation.

Subclinical albuminuria is linked to gray matter atrophy in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Objective: Microalbuminuria (MA), a marker of renal microvascular disease, is associated with brain atrophy and neurovascular changes in older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). We evaluated the relationship between urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) and regional brain volumes to determine whether subclinical albuminuria may indicate early structural brain changes in type 2 DM.

Materials/methods: We studied UACR and brain volumes in 85 type 2 DM patients (64.

Multi-scale glycemic variability: a link to gray matter atrophy and cognitive decline in type 2 diabetes.

Objective: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) accelerates brain aging and cognitive decline. Complex interactions between hyperglycemia, glycemic variability and brain aging remain unresolved. This study investigated the relationship between glycemic variability at multiple time scales, brain volumes and cognition in type 2 DM.

Enhancement of vasoreactivity and cognition by intranasal insulin in type 2 diabetes.

Objective: To determine acute effects of intranasal insulin on regional cerebral perfusion and cognition in older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM).

Research Design And Methods: This was a proof-of-concept, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled intervention evaluating the effects of a single 40-IU dose of insulin or saline on vasoreactivity and cognition in 15 DM and 14 control subjects. Measurements included regional perfusion, vasodilatation to hypercapnia with 3-Tesla MRI, and neuropsychological evaluation.