Effectiveness of tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship bans on smoking prevalence, initiation and cessation: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Bans on tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship (TAPS) have the potential to influence smoking behaviour. However, many countries are yet to implement such strategies.

Objective: This study aimed to synthesise contemporary evidence on the effectiveness of TAPS bans on smoking prevalence, initiation and cessation.

A Novel and Robust Method for Investigating Fungal Biofilm.

, labeled an urgent threat by the CDC, shows significant resilience to treatments and disinfectants via biofilm formation, complicating treatment/disease management. The inconsistencies in biofilm architecture observed across studies hinder the understanding of its role in pathogenesis. Our novel in vitro technique cultivates biofilms on gelatin-coated coverslips, reliably producing multilayer biofilms with extracellular polymeric substances (EPS).

Microwave-Assisted Cobalt-Catalyzed Synthesis of Quinazolinones via Acceptorless Dehydrogenative Coupling under Neat Condition.

Herein, we present a sustainable and atom-economical approach for the synthesis of quinazolinones via acceptorless dehydrogenative coupling (ADC) using earth-abundant Co-salt, (CoCl2) as the catalyst under neat condition. This method is distinguished by its green credentials, like, solvent-free, microwave-assisted heating, cost-effective, use of renewable alcohols, and generating only H2 and water as byproducts. Remarkably, this protocol achieves quinazolinone synthesis without the need for external ligands, oxidants, or additional additives.

A comparison between intravesical gemcitabine plus docetaxel and intravesical BCG in the treatment of non-muscle invasive naive urinary bladder cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis of oncological outcomes.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy, recurrence rates, and safety profile of intravesical gemcitabine plus docetaxel versus standard Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) therapy for treating naïve non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), focusing on reducing recurrence and progression concerns associated with transurethral resection (TURBT).

Methods: Relevant articles were identified and appraised through a structured assessment of the literature. Databases searched included PubMed, Medline, Scopus, and Science Direct.

Enterobactin inhibits microbiota-dependent activation of AhR to promote bacterial sepsis in mice.

Sepsis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality, but our understanding of the mechanisms underlying survival or susceptibility is limited. Here, as pathogens often subvert host defence mechanisms, we hypothesized that this might influence the outcome of sepsis. We used microbiota analysis, faecal microbiota transplantation, antibiotic treatment and caecal metabolite analysis to show that gut-microbiota-derived tryptophan metabolites including indoles increased host survival in a mouse model of Serratia marcescens sepsis.