[The interaction effect of ANKK1/DRD2 TaqIA and HTR2C Cys23Ser on approach motivation in schizophrenic patients and normals].

Aim: To evaluate the association of the DRD2 gene and DRD2 x HTR2C interaction with hedonic and activational aspects of approach motivation in schizophrenia.

Material And Methods: Genotypes at polymorphic loci DRD2 rs1800497 and HTR2C rs6318 (Cys23Ser) were identified in a sample that included 174 patients with schizophrenic spectrum disorders and 268 healthy subjects without a family history of psychoses. The participants completed the BIS/BAS and Temporal Experience of Pleasure Scale (TEPS).

[A role of interactions between N-methyl-D-aspartate and dopamine receptors in facial emotion recognition impairment in schizophrenia].

Aim: To search for genetic mechanisms of facial emotion recognition (FER) impairment, one of the features of schizophrenia that affects social adaptation of patients. Based on the view implicating the interplay between dopaminergic and glutamatergic systems into the pathogenesis of schizophrenia, authors explored the interaction effects of the C366G polymorphism in the GRIN2B gene encoding NMDA receptor subunit NR2B with ANKK1/DRD2 Taq1A and 48-VNTR DRD4 polymorphisms on FER.

Material And Methods: GRIN2B -DRD2 interaction effects were studied in a sample of 237 patients and 235 healthy controls, GRIN2B - DRD4 in 268 patients and 208 controls.

Intrusive growth of primary and secondary phloem fibres in hemp stem determines fibre-bundle formation and structure.

Plant fibres-cells with important mechanical functions and a widely used raw material-are usually identified in microscopic sections only after reaching a significant length or after developing a thickened cell wall. We characterized the early developmental stages of hemp (Cannabis sativa) stem phloem fibres, both primary (originating from the procambium) and secondary (originating in the cambium), when they still had only a primary cell wall. We gave a major emphasis to the role of intrusive elongation, the specific type of plant cell growth by which fibres commonly attain large cell length.

[A study of IL-1Β and IDO gene polymorphisms in patients with schizophrenia].

Objective: Neurotoxic metabolites of the kynurenine pathway are thought to be implicated in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. The enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) catalyzes the initial step of the kynurenine pathway that converts tryptophan to kynurenine metabolites. IDO is induced by proinflammatory cytokines.

[Demonstration of quality, safety and efficacy of biological products subject to changes in their manufacturing process].

Ensuring quality, safety and efficacy of the medicinal products placed on the market of the Russian Federation constitutes the area that requires strict regulation. When changes are made to the manufacturing process, the manufacturer generally needs to evaluate the relevant quality attributes of the product to demonstrate that modifications did not occur that would adversely impact the safety and efficacy of the drug. Where there is the lack of a sound legal basis, there is a need in harmonization of current Russian legislation with international and European rules governing medicinal product for human use to ensure quality, safety and efficacy thereof.