A reevaluation of mixed depressive states from the DSM-5- TR perspective: a series of prototypical cases.

Mixed depressive states are defined by the co-presence of depressive and manic symptoms. They represent extremely variable conditions from the point of view of clinical expressiveness and are difficult to recognize, ranging from clear schizophrenic-like psychoses and pseudodemented pictures to subsyndromal psychopathology. At the basis of the extreme variability of depressive pictures with mixed features are the different combinations that depressive and manic symptoms can assume.

Sodium valproate: cacosmia and dysgeusia as uncommon side effects.

Smell and taste disturbances are potential adverse reactions of many drugs used in Psychiatry, such as antidepressants, anti-Parkinson agents, lithium, minor and major tranquilizers. To our knowledge, only one clinical case regarding valproate and cacosmia has been reported so far. However, several anticonvulsants are reported to cause taste and smell disturbances, although the underlying etiology is currently unclear.

Revisiting stimulant use for emotional dysregulation in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Introduction: Emotional dysregulation (ED) symptoms are present in a considerable portion of patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). In recent years, an increasing number of studies investigated the effects of stimulant medications on ED in patients with ADHD.

Areas Covered: A narrative review of the literature on stimulant treatment for ED is provided, including controlled and observational clinical studies conducted on pediatric and adult samples and neurobiological investigations.

Valproate-induced burning mouth syndrome in a male with fibromyalgia and bipolar spectrum disorder.

Burning mouth syndrome is a chronic painful condition characterized by a subjective intraoral pain and burning sensations in the absence of an identifiable medical, dental, or psychiatric cause. Although the underlying etiology is currently unclear, an idiopathic (or primary) form and a secondary form to other conditions are formally recognized. However, as several authors have suggested, it might be of clinical utility to consider the existence of a third clinical entity, namely Drug-Induced Burning mouth syndrome, for its therapeutic implications.