[The psychological and psychiatric study of children living in Kaluga and Bryansk provinces, Russia (the aftermath of the Chernobyl accident)].

According to WHO project "Brain Damage in Utero" in the framework of the screening phase of the programme, 1025 children (725 in experimental group-Novozybkov and Klintsy towns of Bryansk region; 300 in control group--Obninsk town of Kaluga region) and 600 parents (300 in experimental group and 300 in control group) were studied using standardized methods of psychological psychiatric assessment (Draw-a-man test, British picture vocabulary test, Raven coloured matrices, Parental and teacher Rutter Scales, CHQ-28, Verbal subtest of Wechsler test) for potential psychological and psychiatric effects of Chernobyl accident on child's intelligence, behavioural and emotional state, mental health of parents and parental intellectual level. The following results were obtained: comparison of verbal IQ scores in children revealed a 6-fold increase of these values in experiment group. Comparison of nonverbal IQ scores in children revealed that these values are 4 times higher in experimental group.

[The clinico-psychopathological aspects of chronic depressions].

Study of the clinical and psychopathological features of depressions in 40 inpatients, whose states corresponded to the criteria of chronic depressive disorders as described in different papers and classifications, including ICD-10 and DSM-III-R, made it possible to distinguish two types of staged development of chronic depressions: with acute or gradual onset. The possible criteria of chronicity of depressions are as follows: combination of hypersthenic, hyperthymic and sensitive traits in heredity, combination of hyperthymic hysterical and sensitive traits in premorbid personality, early appearance of affective disorders, presence of long-term periods of affective disorders of a subclinical level in life history, bipolar type of the course of these disorders, reactive-provoked depressive episodes with melancholic structure, a history of apathic adynamic subdepressive disorders in the preexisting course of illness, anxiety in acute episodes, disharmony in elements of the depressive triad, hypochondriacal preoccupation of self-accusational ideas, neurotic symptoms in the structure of acute episode, the 'out' direction of the "accusational vector" already during this stage, appearance of such phenomena as "verbalization of affect", "Sunday impairment', "forced hyperactivity", tendency to hospitalism, hypomanic "windows", appearance of egocentric, grumble, capricious features, sharpness of sensitive and hysterical features of premorbid personality in depressive states.