The application of explants, crypts, and organoids as models in intestinal barrier research.

models are of great importance in advancing our understanding of human diseases, especially complex disorders with unknown etiologies like inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). One of the key IBD features is the increased intestinal permeability. The disruption of the intestinal barrier can occur due to a destructive inflammatory response involving intestinal cell death.

Genetic, Environmental, and Stochastic Components of Lifespan Variability: The Paradigm.

Lifespan is a complex quantitative trait involving genetic and non-genetic factors as well as the peculiarities of ontogenesis. As with all quantitative traits, lifespan shows considerable variation within populations and between individuals. , a favourite object of geneticists, has greatly advanced our understanding of how different forms of variability affect lifespan.

New Functional Motifs for the Targeted Localization of Proteins to the Nucleolus in and Human Cells.

The nucleolus is a significant nuclear organelle that is primarily known for its role in ribosome biogenesis. However, emerging evidence suggests that the nucleolus may have additional functions. Particularly, it is involved in the organization of the three-dimensional structure of the genome.

Analysis of the transcriptional activity of model piggyBac transgenes stably integrated into different loci of the genome of CHO cells in the absence of selection pressure.

CHO cells are most commonly used for the synthesis of recombinant proteins in biopharmaceutical production. When stable producer cell lines are obtained, the locus of transgene integration into the genome has a great influence on the level of its expression. Therefore, the identification of genomic loci ensuring a high level of protein production is very important.

Slight Variations in the Sequence Downstream of the Polyadenylation Signal Significantly Increase Transgene Expression in HEK293T and CHO Cells.

Compared to transcription initiation, much less is known about transcription termination. In particular, large-scale mutagenesis studies have, so far, primarily concentrated on promoter and enhancer, but not terminator sequences. Here, we used a massively parallel reporter assay (MPRA) to systematically analyze the influence of short (8 bp) sequence variants (mutations) located downstream of the polyadenylation signal (PAS) on the steady-state mRNA level of the upstream gene, employing an reporter and human HEK293T cells as a model system.