[Assessment of real myocardial energy demand using indirect calorimetry in early postoperative period after cardiac surgery].

Objective: To evaluate actual myocardial energy requirements using indirect calorimetry, oxygen delivery (DO), oxygen extraction ratio (OER), cardiac output (CO) and their components, as well as to study the impact of positive inotropic agent (dobutamine) on myocardial metabolism in early postoperative period after cardiac surgery.

Material And Methods: We measured the main metabolic parameters using indirect calorimetry in 20 patients after on-pump cardiac surgery with cardioplegia. To evaluate the impact of metabolic load on CO, VO and DO, we administered dobutamine 3 µg/kg/min at the second phase of the study.

Visualization of 2D and 3D Tissue Models via Size-Selected Aqueous AgInS/ZnS Quantum Dots.

Three-dimensional (3D) spheroid cell cultures of fibroblast (L929) and tumor mammary mouse (4T1) were chosen as in vitro tissue models for tissue imaging of ternary AgInS/ZnS fraction quantum dots (QDs). We showed that the tissue-mimetic morphology of cell spheroids through well-developed cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions and distinct diffusion/transport characteristics makes it possible to predict the effect of ternary AgInS/ZnS fraction QDs on the vital activity of cells while simultaneously comparing with classical two-dimensional (2D) cell cultures. The AgInS/ZnS fractions, emitting in a wide spectral range from 635 to 535 nm with a mean size from ∼3.

Methylation and hydroxymethylation of cytosine alter activity and fidelity of translesion DNA polymerases.

Epigenetic cytosine methylation covers most of genomic CpG dinucleotides in human cells. In addition to common deamination-mediated mutagenesis at CpG sites, an alternative deamination-independent pathway associated with DNA polymerase activity was previously described. This mutagenesis is characterized by the TCG→TTG mutational signature and is believed to arise from dAMP misincorporation opposite 5-methylcytosine (mC) or its oxidized derivative 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (hmC) by B-family replicative DNA polymerases with disrupted proofreading 3→5'-exonuclease activity.