Electrochemical Synthesis of 3-(Sulfonyl)quinol-4-ones from -Alkynyl--(formyl)anilides and Sulfinates.

Electrolysis of -alkynyl--(formyl)anilides and sodium sulfinates on graphite electrodes delivers biologically sound 3-(sulfonyl)quinol-4-ones with moderate to good yields. The reaction is carried out in an undivided cell in the presence of silver(I) oxide with potassium iodide or sodium tetrafluoroborate as the supporting electrolyte. The reaction tolerates variously substituted anilides as well as aryl and alkyl sulfinates.

Total synthesis of the taraxacine A natural product Ag(I)-catalysed imidate-alkyne cyclization.

A domino approach towards β-carboline natural product taraxacine A and its analogues was developed. The main step relies on a silver(I) and base co-catalysed imidate-alkyne cyclization. The reaction tolerates primary and secondary alcohols, and various substitutions in the indole are possible.

Diverse Cyclization Pathways Between Nitriles with Active -Methylene Group and Ambiphilic 2-Pyridylselenyl Reagents Enabled by Reversible Covalent Bonding.

Herein, we describe a novel coupling between ambiphilic 2-pyridylselenyl reagents and nitriles featuring an active α-methylene group. Depending on the solvent employed, this reaction can yield two distinct types of cationic pyridinium-fused selenium-containing heterocycles, 1,3-selenazolium or 1,2,4-selenadiazolium salts, in high yields. This is in contrast to what we observed before for other nitriles.

Attenuated processing of vowels in the left temporal cortex predicts speech-in-noise perception deficit in children with autism.

Background: Difficulties with speech-in-noise perception in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) may be associated with impaired analysis of speech sounds, such as vowels, which represent the fundamental phoneme constituents of human speech. Vowels elicit early (< 100 ms) sustained processing negativity (SPN) in the auditory cortex that reflects the detection of an acoustic pattern based on the presence of formant structure and/or periodic envelope information (f0) and its transformation into an auditory "object".

Methods: We used magnetoencephalography (MEG) and individual brain models to investigate whether SPN is altered in children with ASD and whether this deficit is associated with impairment in their ability to perceive speech in the background of noise.