Unsupervised machine learning identifies biomarkers of disease progression in post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis in Sudan.

Background: Post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) appears as a rash in some individuals who have recovered from visceral leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania donovani. Today, basic knowledge of this neglected disease and how to predict its progression remain largely unknown.

Methods And Findings: This study addresses the use of several biochemical, haematological and immunological variables, independently or through unsupervised machine learning (ML), to predict PKDL progression risk.

A Similarity Matrix for Preserving Haplotype Diversity Amongst Parents in Genomic Selection.

In genomic selection, balancing genetic gain with the preservation of genetic diversity is a critical challenge, requiring innovative approaches to parent selection. Traditional methods risk losing valuable genetic diversity by not fully accounting for the complex patterns of haplotype distribution. To address this, we developed a novel haplotype similarity measure that estimates the genetic similarity amongst offspring from parent pairs by analysing segregating marker patterns and the covariance of additive genetic effects between potential parental gametes.

Harnessing Pharmacomultiomics for Precision Medicine in Diabetes: A Comprehensive Review.

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is the fastest-growing non-communicable disease worldwide, accounting for around 90% of all diabetes cases and imposing a significant health burden globally. Due to its phenotypic heterogeneity and composite genetic underpinnings, T2D requires a precision medicine approach personalized to individual molecular profiles, thereby shifting away from the traditional "one-size-fits-all" medical methods. This review advocates for a thorough pharmacomultiomics approach to enhance precision medicine for T2D.

Theaflavin alleviates cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity: Targeting SIRT1/p53/FOXO3a/Nrf2 signaling and the NF-kB inflammatory cascade.

Cisplatin is a widely used chemotherapeutic agent. Nevertheless, a significant fraction of cisplatin-treated patients develops nephrotoxicity which limits cisplatin therapeutic implementation. The current work was devoted to investigate the potential nephroprotective impact of theaflavin against the cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity using male Wistar rats as a mammalian model.

A Rare Case of Solitary Fibrous Tumor of the Breast in a Healthy 40-Year-Old Woman.

Solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) is a rare neoplasm of mesenchymal origin that is primarily found in the lungs but can be found in other locations such as the retroperitoneum, deep soft tissues of the proximal extremities, abdominal cavity, head, and neck. Moreover, SFTs found in the breast are extremely rare and, oftentimes, are found incidentally during screening mammography. Our case presents an exceptionally rare occurrence of a SFT in the breast of a 40-year-old woman.