Telocyte and Cajal cell distribution in renal pelvis, ureteropelvic junction (UPJ), and proximal ureter in normal upper urinary tract and UPJ obstruction: reappraisal of the aetiology of UPJ obstruction.

Background: Telocytes and Cajal cells have been described in human urinary tract and reproductive system in women and men. Telocytes and Cajal cells have been differentiated from other interstitial cells and were described to be an element in smooth muscle conductivity. Previous studies examined the ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) segment in patients with UPJ obstruction (UPJO) and attributed the aetiology of UPJO to the low density or absence Cajal cells and telocytes.

Dipping technique for ureteroileal anastomosis in orthotopic ileal neobladder: 20-year experience in 670 patients-no stenosis with preservation of the upper tract.

Objectives. Many techniques were described for ureteroileal anastomosis in orthotopic bladder substitution, ranging from nonrefluxing to refluxing techniques, all aiming at preservation of the upper tract. We describe our technique of dipping the ureter into the ileal pouch, which is simple and had no complications.