Rational inference strategies and the genesis of polarization and extremism.

Polarization and extremism are often viewed as the product of psychological biases or social influences, yet they still occur in the absence of any bias or irrational thinking. We show that individual decision-makers implementing optimal dynamic decision strategies will become polarized, forming extreme views relative to the true information in their environment by virtue of how they sample new information. Extreme evidence enables decision makers to stop considering new information, whereas weak or moderate evidence is unlikely to trigger a decision and is thus under-sampled.

[The study of the pharmacokinetic parameters of ethanol 40% with carbonation for the purposes and objectives of forensic chemistry and forensic science].

The purpose of work is to study the characteristics of pharmacokinetic parameters of the influence of ethanol with carbonation («carbonated vodka») to the human body for the purposes and tasks of forensic chemical, chemical and toxicological and forensic research. The authors determined the concentration of ethanol in the blood and urine from oral intake of ethanol with and without carbonation. It was found that the suction stage of carbonated vodka is faster than that of vodka without carbonation by 17.

[The ability to recover cerebral function after an isolated craniocerebral trauma].

This article is devoted to the review of the literature regarding a current issue in forensic medical practice - the ability of victims to recover cerebral function after traumatic brain injury. Based on the study and analysis of data from specialized literature and clinical and expert observations, we present the basic systemized information on the recovery of consciousness, and therefore the potential for cerebral function, in victims of traumatic brain injury.