Multi-Institutional Analysis of Pancreatoduodenectomy for Nonfamilial Periampullary Adenoma: A Novel Risk Score to Guide Shared Decision-Making.

Introduction: Pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) may occasionally be indicated for complete removal of periampullary (duodenal and ampullary) adenomas (PAs). As compared with malignant indications, PD for benign or pre-malignant disease is often associated with increased morbidity. While the Spigelman classification assesses malignancy risk for familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP)-related duodenal adenomas, no malignancy risk score (MRS) exists for non-FAP related PAs.

Mismatch repair (MMR) and microsatellite instability (MSI) phenotypes across solid tumors: A comprehensive cBioPortal study on prevalence and prognostic impact.

Mismatch repair deficiency (MMR-d) and microsatellite instability (MSI) are prognostic and predictive biomarkers in oncology. Current testing for MMR/MSI relies on immunohistochemistry (IHC) for MMR proteins and molecular assays for MSI detection. This combined diagnostic strategy, however, lacks tumor specificity and does not account for gene variants.

Artificial Intelligence-Guided Lung Ultrasound by Nonexperts.

Importance: Lung ultrasound (LUS) aids in the diagnosis of patients with dyspnea, including those with cardiogenic pulmonary edema, but requires technical proficiency for image acquisition. Previous research has demonstrated the effectiveness of artificial intelligence (AI) in guiding novice users to acquire high-quality cardiac ultrasound images, suggesting its potential for broader use in LUS.

Objective: To evaluate the ability of AI to guide acquisition of diagnostic-quality LUS images by trained health care professionals (THCPs).

Oral selective estrogen receptor degraders for breast cancer treatment: focus on pharmacological differences.

Purpose: The management of hormone receptor-positive (HR +) breast cancer (BC) relies on endocrine therapy (ET), with a primary focus on disrupting estrogen receptor (ER) signaling due to its critical role in BC tumorigenesis and progression. While effective for both early-stage and advanced breast cancers, ET frequently encounters resistance mechanisms, including both ligand-dependent and ligand-independent trajectories, ultimately leading to disease progression.

Methods: We searched PubMed, EMBASE and Scopus databases to review the current evidence on the use of novel oral selective estrogen receptor degraders (SERDs) for the treatment of HR+ BC.

The Safety and Suitability of DNA Sequencing of Tissue Biopsies Performed on Patients Referred to a Phase I Unit.

Background: Early-phase clinical trials offer a unique opportunity for patients with cancer. These trials often mandate biopsies to collect tumor tissue for research purposes, requiring patients to undergo invasive procedures. Some trials mandate molecular prescreening, but the success of these analyses relies on the quality and quantity of the tested materials.