Microbial biotransformation of 16α,17-epoxy-ent-kaurane-19-oic acid by Beauveria sulfurescens ATCC 7159-F.

Biotransformation of 16alpha,17-epoxy-ent-kaurane-19-oic acid (1) by Beauveria sulfurescens ATCC 7159-F led to the production of a new ent-kaurane diterpenoid, 7beta,17-dihydroxy-ent-kaur-15-en-19-oic acid (7), and four other ent-kauranes (8 - 11), all of which were identified as their methyl esters. Compounds 9 and 10 were found to be new stereoisomers. Structures of these were established by the extensive usage of their spectroscopic characteristics.

Use of real-time data in environmental monitoring: current practices.

Water quality monitoring in Europe, especially in transboundary water courses has made steady progress during the last decades through establishment of international commissions. The main activities of these commissions include protection and management of the catchment, sustainable use of the river and establishment of Accident Emergency Warning Systems (AEWS). The latter could be effectively accomplished only through real-time monitoring.