Electromyographic Characteristics of Postactivation Effect in Dopamine-Dependent Spectrum Models Observed in Parkinson's Disease and Schizophrenia.

This study aimed to test the hypothesis that the postactivation effect (PAE, involuntary normal muscle tone) is modified by dopaminergic mechanisms. The PAE was tested with surface electromyography (sEMG) in the "off medication" phase in participants with Parkinson's disease (PD) and in the "on medication" state in participants with schizophrenia (SZ), which modeled hypodopaminegic conditions, and in participants with PD "on medication" (PD) and in participants with SZ "off medication" (SZ) state which modeled the hyperdopaminergic conditions. Healthy age-matched participants constituted the control group (HC, = 11).

Secretion of functional interferon by the type 3 secretion system of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli.

Background: Type I interferons (IFN-I)-a group of cytokines with immunomodulatory, antiproliferative, and antiviral properties-are widely used as therapeutics for various cancers and viral diseases. Since IFNs are proteins, they are highly susceptible to degradation by proteases and by hydrolysis in the strong acid environment of the stomach, and they are therefore administered parenterally. In this study, we examined whether the intestinal bacterium, enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC), can be exploited for oral delivery of IFN-Is.

Direct and indirect effects of CYTOR lncRNA regulate HIV gene expression.

The implementation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) has effectively restricted the transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and improved overall clinical outcomes. However, a complete cure for HIV remains out of reach, as the virus persists in a stable pool of infected cell reservoir that is resistant to therapy and thus a main barrier towards complete elimination of viral infection. While the mechanisms by which host proteins govern viral gene expression and latency are well-studied, the emerging regulatory functions of non-coding RNAs (ncRNA) in the context of T cell activation, HIV gene expression and viral latency have not yet been thoroughly explored.

Cognitive training and brain stimulation in patients with cognitive impairment: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Repeated sessions of training and non-invasive brain stimulation have the potential to enhance cognition in patients with cognitive impairment. We hypothesized that combining cognitive training with anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) will lead to performance improvement in the trained task and yield transfer to non-trained tasks.

Methods: In our randomized, sham-controlled, double-blind study, 46 patients with cognitive impairment (60-80 years) were randomly assigned to one of two interventional groups.

The Role of Insulin Resistance in the Development of Complications after Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease.

Unlabelled: The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of carbohydrate metabolism disorders and insulin resistance indices on the immediate results of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).

Method: Patients with coronary artery disease who underwent CABG ( = 383) were examined to determine glycemic status, free fatty acid and fasting insulin levels, and insulin resistance indices (Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), McAuley index, Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index (QUICKI), Revised-QUICKI). Patients were assessed for the development of perioperative complications and their length of stay in the hospital.