Primary Aneurysmal Bone Cyst of Sacrum: A Case Report of a 12 years old boy from Pakistan.

Aneurysmal bone cysts are locally invasive, benign lesions usually found in the spine or metaphysis of long bones. They can be primary (idiopathic) or secondary to other bone pathologies. Primary aneurysmal bone cyst usually occurs in the first two decades of life.

Angle stability improvement using optimised proportional integral derivative with filter controller.

Load inconsistency has disrupted the power system, causing rotor angle fluctuation that leads to angle instability in the system. This research suggests an innovative proportional integral derivative with filter (PIDF)-based thyristor-controlled series compensator (TCSC) controller that utilise an evolutionary programming sine cosine algorithm (EPSCA) for hybrid optimisation to increase the angle stability of the power system. The challenge of the PIDF-TCSC design is transformed into an optimal control problem with respect to performance indices, such as the maximum imaginary part of system eigenvalues, damping ratio and damping factor, where another multi-objective function is utilised to determine the best stabiliser settings.

Retinal morphology across the menstrual cycle: insights from the UK Biobank.

Oestradiol and progesterone levels are higher in menstruating women than men of the same age, and their receptors are present in their neurosensory retina and retinal pigment epithelium. However, the impact of this hormonal environment on retinal physiology in women remains unclear. Using self-reported menstrual cycle phases as a surrogate for fluctuating hormonal levels, we investigated associations with retinovascular indices on colour fundus photograph and retinal thickness in optical coherence tomography across regularly menstruating women in the UK Biobank.

Change in Patient Perceptions of Electronic Communication Methods for an Orthopaedic Fracture Clinic Between 2019 and 2024.

Introduction Outpatient appointments are essential to patient care, yet rising non-attendance rates ('did not attend' DNAs) pose significant challenges, costing the National Health Service (NHS) over £1 billion annually. Traditional postal communication is inefficient and costly, while digital methods like short messaging service (SMS) and electronic mail (email) show the potential to improve attendance and reduce costs. This study investigates changes in patient preferences for orthopaedic outpatient communication methods between 2019 and 2024 at a busy district general hospital in London, UK.