Plant Defense Peptides: Exploring the Structure-Function Correlation for Potential Applications in Drug Design and Therapeutics.

Defense peptides are part of plants' innate immune system and show widespread occurrence across the plant kingdom. Most of them belong to the category of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and act as strong chemical weapons against the biotic stresses that plants encounter. Plant AMP families exhibit remarkably conserved topology, being cysteine-rich with a conserved number of disulfide bridges stabilizing their three-dimensional structure, cationic in nature, and having hydrophobic surfaces.

Gestational Exposure to Valproate and Autism Spectrum Disorder or Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Offspring: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Introduction: Gestational exposure to valproate has been associated with a wide range of adverse pregnancy outcomes, including major congenital malformations in offspring. However, to date, no meta-analysis has comprehensively examined the risk of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children gestationally exposed to valproate.

Methods: We searched MEDLINE, Embase, and Scopus from inception until 15 May 2024 for relevant English-language articles.

Salinity induced changes in esterase, peroxidase and alcohol dehydrogenase isozymes and leaf soluble proteins in salinity susceptible and salinity tolerant sugarcane genotypes.

The salinity susceptible CoC-671 and salinity tolerant sugarcane genotype CoM-265 were evaluated for Peroxidase (POX), Esterase (EST) and Alcohol Dehydrogenase (ADH) isozymes and soluble protein profiling by SDS and native-PAGE at salinity levels 0.41 dSm, 2.31 dSm, 4.

Unexpected complication after lumbar disc surgery, peripheral facial paralysis due to pneumocephalus: A case report.

Background: Pneumocephalus, characterized by air in the cranial cavity, is a rare condition typically associated with surgical procedures but may also result from trauma, infection, or spontaneously. Cranial nerve palsies following pneumocephalus are seldom documented in the literature, and, in particular, facial nerve palsies due to pneumocephalus following lumbar spine surgery have not yet been reported.

Case Description: A 47-year-old male patient underwent surgery due to a herniated disc.