Biochemical and histological effects of vaginal estriol and estradiol applications on the endometrium, myometrium and vagina of postmenopausal women.

Estrogen and progesterone receptors in the cytosol (ERc, PRc) and estrogen receptors in the nuclear compartment (ERn) were measured in the endometrium, myometrium and vagina of 29 postmenopausal women who underwent hysterectomy. The effects of vaginal estriol (0.5 mg daily) compared to 17 beta-estradiol (0.

Endometrial response in estrogen replacement therapy quarterly combined with a progestogen.

Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate the endometrial histology and the bleeding pattern under a hormone replacement therapy regimen with continuous estrogen quarterly (3-monthly) combined with a progestogen.

Methods: In a prospective, double-blind, randomised clinical trial, 30 healthy, postmenopausal women were allocated to one of the three trial preparations. Group I was treated with 1 mg micronized 17 beta-estradiol continuously, group II took 2 mg micronized 17 beta-estradiol continuously and group III took 1 mg and 2 mg 17 beta-estradiol alternating every 42 days (step-up regimen).

Emergency contraception: a review.

In the Netherlands, many women use a postcoital method of contraception in "emergency" situations. Postcoital contraception started in the 1960's with the administration of large doses of estrogens: 50 mg diethylstilbestrol for 5 days or 5 mg ethinylestradiol for 5 days. In the eighties, a double-blind study compared the original hormonal therapy of 5 mg ethinylestradiol for 5 days with a combination pill containing just 0.

A simple strategy to detect significant premenstrual changes.

The prevalence of the ten most prominent premenstrual symptoms (top-ten) was calculated in Dutch women (n = 202), who considered themselves to suffer from complaints related to menstruation. Premenstrual syndrome was diagnosed where the scores of 5 or more of the top-ten symptoms showed an increase of at least 2 points (on a visual analog scale rated from 1 to 10) from day 12 to day 26 during two consecutive cycles. This diagnosis was confirmed in almost all subjects using a 'gold standard' criterion of an increase of at least 30% in complaints from the follicular phase to the luteal phase.