Differential expression of complement receptors CR1/2 and CR4 by murine M1 and M2 macrophages.

Macrophages polarize into functionally divergent phenotypes - M1 and M2 - which express distinct receptors. These cells are known to express complement receptors, including CR1, CR3, and CR4. However, whether these complement receptors are differentially expressed on M1 and M2 macrophages is not yet known.

Imputing radiobiological parameters of the linear-quadratic dose-response model from a radiotherapy fractionation plan.

The objective in cancer radiotherapy is to maximize tumor-kill while limiting toxic effects of radiation dose on nearby organs-at-risk (OAR). Given a fixed number of treatment sessions, planners thus face the problem of finding a dosing sequence that achieves this goal. This is called the fractionation problem, and has received steady attention over a long history in the clinical literature.

Optimal modality selection in external beam radiotherapy.

The goal in external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) for cancer is to maximize damage to the tumour while limiting toxic effects on the organs-at-risk. EBRT can be delivered via different modalities such as photons, protons and neutrons. The choice of an optimal modality depends on the anatomy of the irradiated area and the relative physical and biological properties of the modalities under consideration.

Adaptive treatment-length optimization in spatiobiologically integrated radiotherapy.

Recent theoretical research on spatiobiologically integrated radiotherapy has focused on optimization models that adapt fluence-maps to the evolution of tumor state, for example, cell densities, as observed in quantitative functional images acquired over the treatment course. We propose an optimization model that adapts the length of the treatment course as well as the fluence-maps to such imaged tumor state. Specifically, after observing the tumor cell densities at the beginning of a session, the treatment planner solves a group of convex optimization problems to determine an optimal number of remaining treatment sessions, and a corresponding optimal fluence-map for each of these sessions.