Gastrointestinal and colonic bioaccessibility of calcium and ferulic acid from microcapsules made with brewer spent grain arabinoxylans.

Three microcapsule formulations with 2.7, 5.5 and 10.

Biological warfare between two bacterial viruses in a defense archipelago sheds light on the spread of CRISPR-Cas systems.

CRISPR-Cas systems are adaptive immunity systems of bacteria and archaea that prevent infection by viruses and other external mobile genetic elements. It is currently known that these defense systems can be co-opted by the same viruses. We have found one of these viruses in the opportunistic pathogen Acinetobacter baumannii, and the same system has been also found in an integration hotspot of the bacterial genome that harbors other multiple defense systems.

Mineral Bioaccessibility of Pistachio-Based Beverages: the Effect of Lactic Acid Bacteria Fermentation.

The aim of this work was to study the effects of two LAB strains on the bioaccessibility (BA) of minerals after the fermentation of pistachio-based beverages. The beverages were made with two varieties of pistachio (Argentina, AP and Italian, IP). Aliquots were inoculated with 10 CFU of two different LAB strains and fermented for 24 h at 28 °C.

Monosaccharides improve symptoms of an animal model for type III galactosemia, through the activation of the insulin pathway.

Type III galactosemia is characterized by the inability to metabolize galactose due to deficiency of the UDP-galactose-4-epimerase (GALE) gene, which catalyzes the interconversion of UDP-Galactose and UDP-Glucose. Additionally, GALE interconverts UDP-N-Acetylgalactosamine and UDP-N-Acetylglucosamine. These four sugars are needed for glycosylation of biomolecules.

Ultra-low-energy defibrillation through adjoint optimization.

This study investigates ultra-low-energy defibrillation protocols using a simple two-dimensional model of cardiac tissue. We find that, rather counter-intuitively, a single, properly timed, biphasic pulse can be more effective in defibrillating the tissue than low energy antitachycardia pacing (LEAP), which employs a sequence of such pulses, succeeding where the latter approach fails. Furthermore, we show that, with the help of adjoint optimization, it is possible to reduce the energy required for defibrillation even further, making it three orders of magnitude lower than that required by LEAP.