Sequential emergence and quantitative dynamics of key bacterial species preceding digital dermatitis lesion onset in dairy cattle.

Digital dermatitis (DD) is a skin infection of cattle's feet with multiple bacteria suspected to be involved, yet its precise etiopathogenesis remains unclear. This longitudinal study explored the temporal changes of seven DD-associated bacteria in feet developing lesions or remaining healthy, while simultaneously investigating their persistence in potential reservoirs as sources of infection. Weekly swabs were collected from feet skin and saliva of 53 Holstein cows without DD lesions sequentially enrolled at calving in a commercial dairy herd.

Gastric partitioning versus gastrojejunostomy for gastric outlet obstruction due to unresectable gastric cancer: randomized clinical trial.

Background: Gastric outlet obstruction due to unresectable tumours is usually managed with a gastrojejunostomy. Unfortunately, the unsatisfactory outcomes of this procedure have led to the search for alternatives, including gastric partitioning.

Methods: Monocentric, randomized, parallel, open-label trial that included patients with obstructive, unresectable distal gastric tumours.

Environmental impact of disposable face masks: degradation, wear, and cement mortar incorporation.

Polypropylene (PP) disposable face masks (DFMs) are essential for limiting airborne infectious diseases. This study examines the behavior of DFMs under three scenarios: (i) exposure to the natural environment, (ii) simulated high-energy aquatic environments through an abrasion test, and (iii) incorporation into cement-based mortars. In the natural weathering experiment, after 117 days, the DFMs exhibited photodegradation, resulting in chemical alterations in carbonyl and hydroxyl groups.

Workflow-driven catalytic modulation from single-atom catalysts to Au-alloy clusters on graphene.

Gold-based (Au) nanostructures are efficient catalysts for CO oxidation, hydrogen evolution (HER), and oxygen evolution (OER) reactions, but stabilizing them on graphene (Gr) is challenging due to weak affinity from delocalized [Formula: see text] carbon orbitals. This study investigates forming metal alloys to enhance stability and catalytic performance of Au-based nanocatalysts. Using ab initio density functional theory, we characterize [Formula: see text] sub-nanoclusters (M = Ni, Pd, Pt, Cu, and Ag) with atomicities [Formula: see text], both in gas-phase and supported on Gr.