Long G4-rich enhancers target promoters via a G4 DNA-based mechanism.

Several studies have now described instances where G-rich sequences in promoters and enhancers regulate gene expression through forming G-quadruplex (G4) structures. Relatedly, our group recently identified 301 long genomic stretches significantly enriched for minimal G4 motifs (LG4s) in humans and found the majority of these overlap annotated enhancers, and furthermore, that the promoters regulated by these LG4 enhancers are similarly enriched with G4-capable sequences. While the generally accepted model for enhancer:promoter specificity maintains that interactions are dictated by enhancer- and promoter-bound transcriptional activator proteins, the current study tested an alternative hypothesis: that LG4 enhancers interact with cognate promoters via a direct G4:G4 DNA-based mechanism.

Evolution of a biological thermocouple by adaptation of cytochrome c oxidase in a subterrestrial metazoan, Halicephalobus mephisto.

In this study, we report a biological temperature-sensing electrical regulator in the cytochrome c oxidase of the Devil Worm, Halicephalobus mephisto. This extremophile metazoan was isolated 1.3 km underground in a South African goldmine, where it adapted to heat and potentially to hypoxia, making its mitochondrial sequence a likely target of adaptational change.

HCC spatial transcriptomic profiling reveals significant and potentially targetable cancer-endothelial interactions.

Background: HCC is a highly vascular tumor, and many effective drug regimens target the tumor blood vessels. Prior bulk HCC subtyping data used bulk transcriptomes, which contained a mixture of parenchymal and stromal contributions.

Methods: We utilized computational deconvolution and cell-cell interaction analyses to cell type-specific (tumor-enriched and vessel-enriched) spatial transcriptomic data collected from 41 resected HCC tissue specimens.

Spherically symmetric teleparallel geometries.

We are interested in the development of spherically symmetric geometries in () teleparallel gravity which are of physical importance. We first express the general forms for the spherically symmetric frame and the zero curvature, metric compatible, spin connection. We then analyse the antisymmetric field equations (the solutions of which split into two cases, which we subsequently consider separately), and derive and analyse the resulting symmetric field equations.

Evolution of a biological thermocouple by adaptation of cytochrome c oxidase in a subterrestrial metazoan.

In this study we report a naturally evolved temperature-sensing electrical regulator in the cytochrome c oxidase of the Devil Worm, . This extremophile metazoan was isolated 1.3 km underground in a South African goldmine, where it adapted to heat and potentially to hypoxia, making its mitochondrial sequence a likely target of adaptational change.