Stingless Bees (Melipona subnitida) Overcome Severe Drought Events in the Brazilian Tropical Dry Forest by Opting for High-Profit Food Sources.

In the Brazilian Tropical Dry Forest, the Caatinga, stingless bees (Apidae, Meliponini) need to adjust their foraging behavior to a very short and unpredictable blooming period. Melipona subnitida Ducke 1910 is one of the few meliponine species adapted to the environmental peculiarities of this biome. To get an insight into how these highly eusocial bees are able to maintain their perennial colonies despite extended periods of food scarcity, we asked the following questions: (1) At which plant species do colonies of M.

Pupil dilation dynamics with an intracameral fixed combination of mydriatics and anesthetic during cataract surgery.

Purpose: To compare the pupil dynamics of an intracameral combination of 2 mydriatics and 1 anesthetic (Mydrane) to a standard topical regimen for cataract surgery.

Setting: Sixty-two centers in Europe and 6 centers in Algeria.

Design: Prospective case series.

Preservative-free lidocaine 1% anterior chamber irrigation as an adjunct to topical anesthesia.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect on the central corneal endothelium of anterior chamber irrigation with preservative-free lidocaine 1% as an adjunct to topical anesthesia during phacoemulsification.

Setting: Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Capuchos, Lisbon, Portugal.

Methods: This prospective, randomized controlled study comprised 59 eyes.