Graft-versus-host disease prophylaxis shapes T cell biology and immune reconstitution after hematopoietic cell transplant.

Successful hematopoietic cell transplant requires immunosuppression to prevent graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), a lethal, T-cell-mediated post-transplant complication. The phase 3 BMT CTN 1703 trial demonstrated superior GVHD-free/relapse-free survival for post-transplant cyclophosphamide (PT-Cy)-based GVHD prophylaxis versus tacrolimus/methotrexate (Tac/MTX), but did not improve overall survival. To compare T-cell biology between GVHD prophylaxis regimens, 324 patients were co-enrolled onto BMT CTN 1801 ( NCT03959241 ).

Comprehensive profiling of genomic invertons in defined gut microbial community reveals associations with intestinal colonization and surface adhesion.

Background: Bacteria use invertible genetic elements known as invertons to generate heterogeneity among a population and adapt to new and changing environments. In human gut bacteria, invertons are often found near genes associated with cell surface modifications, suggesting key roles in modulating dynamic processes such as surface adhesion and intestinal colonization. However, comprehensive testing of this hypothesis across complex bacterial communities like the human gut microbiome remains challenging.

A focused report on IFN-1 targeted therapies for lupus erythematosus.

Introduction: Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) experience varied manifestations and unpredictable flares, complicating treatment and drug development. Despite these challenges, anifrolumab, voclosporin, and belimumab were approved by FDA. These treatments complement, but don't replace, traditional therapies like NSAIDs, corticosteroids, antimalarials, and immunosuppressives.

STELLAR-304: a phase III study of zanzalintinib (XL092) plus nivolumab in advanced non-clear cell renal cell carcinoma.

Management of advanced non-clear cell renal cell carcinoma (nccRCC) is challenging due to disease rarity and heterogeneity. The combination of multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) with immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) has emerged as an effective treatment strategy, but well-designed, phase III randomized clinical trials are needed to demonstrate superiority over current treatment options. Zanzalintinib is a novel, multi-targeted TKI that has demonstrated promising preclinical anti-tumor activity in combination with ICIs.