[Morphogenesis of central and peripheral liver ruptures in blunt-force trauma].

The purpose of this study was an in depth investigation of the morphogenesis of central and peripheral liver ruptures in blunt trauma and to obtain additional information about their forensic medical significance. It has been established that central and peripheral ruptures are formed by shocks caused by very high forces, as well as by frontal compression of the body as a result of general deformation of the organ and rupture of parenchyma from stretching and tissue shearing. The surface relief of central ruptures was found to be independent of the type of external influence and was determined by the size of the rupture.

[General characteristics of morphometric and morphoscopic signs of liver rupture with different localizations].

The aim of this study was to compare the morphoscopic and morphometric features of local and remote liver ruptures under various external influences. It was found that the local main ruptures were formed in the case of impact trauma more often in the right side of the liver on its diaphragmatic surface, in the anterior third of the organ. They were linear and located in the longitudinal direction.

[The peculiar morphological features of the surface relief of the major local ruptures of the liver in the case of a blunt injury].

The objective of the present study was the comprehensive investigation of morphogenesis of the surface relief of the major local ruptures of the liver in the case of a blunt injury and the obtaining of an additional information on the possibility to use these data for the purposes of forensic medical expertise. We explored the reliefs of the major local ruptures of the liver in the cases of a single fatal blunt injury inflicted in a traffic accident, by kicking or a powerful stroke with the fist. In addition, the threshold hepatic lesions depending on their severity were determined experimentally.

[The contribution of the scientific school of Yu.I. Pigolkin, corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, to the development of modern methods for the estimation of the time of death].

The principal characteristics of the investigations performed to specify methods for estimation of the time of death (TD) are presented. The studies included the measurement of electric conductivity of organs and tissues depending on the time of death and the evaluation of contractile activities of smooth muscle cells in response to the application of an electric current. A new method for the estimation of the time of death with the use of morphometric techniques is described.