Does fresh farmyard manure introduce surviving microbes into soil or activate soil-borne microbiota?

Manure inputs into soil strongly affect soil microbial communities leading to shifts in microbial diversity and activity. It is still not clear whether these effects are caused mainly by the survival of microbes introduced with manure or by activation of the soil-borne microbiome. Here, we investigated how the soil microbiome was changed after the introduction of fresh farmyard cattle manure, and which microorganisms originating from manure survived in soil.

One Health - Cycling of diverse microbial communities as a connecting force for soil, plant, animal, human and ecosystem health.

The One Health concept proposes that there is a connection between human, animal and environmental health. Plants and their health are not explicitly included. In this review, we broaden the One Health concept to include soil, plant, animal and ecosystem health.

Penicillin Trunk Injection Affects Bacterial Community Structure in Citrus Trees.

Huanglongbing (HLB), caused by Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas), an uncultured α-proteobacterium, is the most destructive disease of citrus trees worldwide. In previous studies, trunk injections of penicillin reduced CLas titers and HLB symptoms in citrus. However, antibiotic effects on the whole plant microbial community, which include effects on taxa that interact with CLas, have not yet been addressed.

In-Grove Spatiotemporal Spread of Citrus Huanglongbing and Its Psyllid Vector in Relation to Weather.

Reports of spatial patterns of 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus'-infected asymptomatic citrus trees and 'Ca. L. asiaticus'-positive Asian citrus psyllids (ACP) are rare, as are published relationships between huanglongbing (HLB), ACP, and weather.

Regional Spatial-Temporal Spread of Citrus Huanglongbing Is Affected by Rain in Florida.

Citrus huanglongbing (HLB), associated with 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus' (Las), disseminated by Asian citrus psyllid (ACP), has devastated citrus in Florida since 2005. Data on HLB occurrence were stored in databases (2005 to 2012). Cumulative HLB-positive citrus blocks were subjected to kernel density analysis and kriging.

Environmental and health effects of the herbicide glyphosate.

The herbicide glyphosate, N-(phosphonomethyl) glycine, has been used extensively in the past 40years, under the assumption that side effects were minimal. However, in recent years, concerns have increased worldwide about the potential wide ranging direct and indirect health effects of the large scale use of glyphosate. In 2015, the World Health Organization reclassified glyphosate as probably carcinogenic to humans.

Plant Diseases and Management Approaches in Organic Farming Systems.

Organic agriculture has expanded worldwide. Numerous papers were published in the past 20 years comparing plant diseases in organic and conventional crops. Root diseases are generally less severe owing to greater soil health, whereas some foliar diseases can be problematic in organic agriculture.

Plant disease management in organic farming systems.

Organic farming (OF) has significantly increased in importance in recent decades. Disease management in OF is largely based on the maintenance of biological diversity and soil health by balanced crop rotations, including nitrogen-fixing and cover crops, intercrops, additions of manure and compost and reductions in soil tillage. Most soil-borne diseases are naturally suppressed, while foliar diseases can sometimes be problematic.

Distribution and Characterization of Salmonella enterica Isolates from Irrigation Ponds in the Southeastern United States.

Irrigation water has been implicated as a likely source of produce contamination by Salmonella enterica. Therefore, the distribution of S. enterica was surveyed monthly in irrigation ponds (n = 10) located within a prime agricultural region in southern Georgia and northern Florida.

Case Investigation and Forensic Evidence for a New Plant Disease: The Case of Lettuce Corky Root.

The process of disease diagnosis reminds of the process of solving a crime. This starts with a so-called 'crime scene investigation' (CSI) carried out in a highly systematic manner. The CSI is followed by 'forensic investigation' in specialized laboratories.

Survival of Salmonella enterica Typhimurium in water amended with manure.

Outbreaks of Salmonella enterica have been associated with water sources. Survival of S. enterica in various environments has been studied but survival in water has rarely been attempted.

Exserohilum rostratum: characterization of a cross-kingdom pathogen of plants and humans.

Pathogen host shifts represent a major source of new infectious diseases. There are several examples of cross-genus host jumps that have caused catastrophic epidemics in animal and plant species worldwide. Cross-kingdom jumps are rare, and are often associated with nosocomial infections.

Potential effects of diurnal temperature oscillations on potato late blight with special reference to climate change.

Global climate change will have effects on diurnal temperature oscillations as well as on average temperatures. Studies on potato late blight (Phytophthora infestans) development have not considered daily temperature oscillations. We hypothesize that growth and development rates of P.

Development of a novel cross-streaking method for isolation, confirmation, and enumeration of Salmonella from irrigation ponds.

The 2013 Produce Safety Rules in Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA) require regular testing for generic Escherichia coli in agricultural water intended for pre-harvest contact with the edible portion of fresh produce. However, the use of fecal contamination indicators frequently does not correctly reflect distribution of foodborne pathogens such as Salmonella enterica, and ensuring food safety may require direct detection and enumeration of pathogens in agricultural settings. Herein we report the evaluation of different cost-effective methods for quantification, isolation, and confirmation of Salmonella in irrigation pond water and sediment samples.

Xanthomonas perforans colonization influences Salmonella enterica in the tomato phyllosphere.

Salmonella enterica rarely grows on healthy, undamaged plants, but its persistence is influenced by bacterial plant pathogens. The interactions between S. enterica, Xanthomonas perforans (a tomato bacterial spot pathogen), and tomato were characterized.

Reclassification of rhizosphere bacteria including strains causing corky root of lettuce and proposal of Rhizorhapis suberifaciens gen. nov., comb. nov., Sphingobium mellinum sp. nov., Sphingobium xanthum sp. nov. and Rhizorhabdus argentea gen. nov., sp. nov.

The genus Rhizorhapis gen. nov. (to replace the illegitimate genus name Rhizomonas) is proposed for strains of Gram-negative bacteria causing corky root of lettuce, a widespread and important lettuce disease worldwide.

Occurrence and population density of Campylobacter jejuni in irrigation ponds on produce farms in the Suwannee River Watershed.

Campylobacter spp., especially Campylobacter jejuni, are common causal agents of gastroenteritis globally. Poultry, contaminated water, and fresh produce are considered to be the main sources for infection by this pathogen.

Factors affecting the occurrence of Escherichia coli O157 contamination in irrigation ponds on produce farms in the Suwannee River Watershed.

Outbreaks of enteritis caused by Escherichia coli O157 associated with fresh produce have resulted in questions about the safety of irrigation water; however, associated risks have not been systematically evaluated. In this study, the occurrence and distribution of the human pathogen E. coli O157 from vegetable irrigation ponds within the Suwannee River Watershed in Georgia were investigated, and the relationship to environmental factors was analyzed.

Organically managed soils reduce internal colonization of tomato plants by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium.

A two-phase experiment was conducted twice to investigate the effects of soil management on movement of Salmonella enterica Typhimurium in tomato plants. In the first phase, individual leaflets of 84 tomato plants grown in conventional or organic soils were dip inoculated two to four times before fruiting with either of two Salmonella Typhimurium strains (10(9) CFU/ml; 0.025% [vol/vol] Silwet L-77).

Ingress of Salmonella enterica Typhimurium into tomato leaves through hydathodes.

Internal contamination of Salmonella in plants is attracting increasing attention for food safety reasons. In this study, three different tomato cultivars "Florida Lanai", "Crown Jewel", "Ailsa Craig" and the transgenic line Sp5 of "Ailsa Craig" were inoculated with 1 µl GFP-labeled Salmonella Typhimurium through guttation droplets at concentrations of 10(9) or 10(7) CFU/ml. Survival of Salmonella on/in tomato leaves was detected by both direct plating and enrichment methods.

Adhesion and splash dispersal of Salmonella enterica Typhimurium on tomato leaflets: effects of rdar morphotype and trichome density.

Salmonella enterica strains with rdar (red dry and rough) and saw (smooth and white) morphotypes have previously been associated with tomato outbreaks but the dispersal mechanisms of these morphotypes are still poorly understood. In this study, Salmonella adhesion was distinguished from attachment by comparing different contact periods. Initial adhesion of rdar and saw morphotypes of Salmonella was compared in relation to tomato plants with different leaf trichome densities.

Salmonella can reach tomato fruits on plants exposed to aerosols formed by rain.

Outbreaks of Salmonella enterica have been associated with tomatoes and traced back to production areas but the spread of Salmonella in agricultural fields is still poorly understood. Post-rain Salmonella transfer from a point source to the air and then to tomato plants was evaluated. GFP-labeled kanamycin-resistant S.

Modeling huanglongbing transmission within a citrus tree.

The citrus disease huanglongbing (HLB), associated with an uncultured bacterial pathogen, is threatening the citrus industry worldwide. A mathematical model of the transmission of HLB between its psyllid vector and citrus host has been developed to characterize the dynamics of the vector and disease development, focusing on the spread of the pathogen from flush to flush (a newly developing cluster of very young leaves on the expanding terminal end of a shoot) within a tree. This approach differs from that of prior models for vector-transmitted plant diseases where the entire plant is the unit of analysis.

Dispersal of Salmonella Typhimurium by rain splash onto tomato plants.

Outbreaks of Salmonella enterica have increasingly been associated with tomatoes and traced back to production areas, but the spread of Salmonella from a point source onto plants has not been described. Splash dispersal by rain could be one means of dissemination. Green fluorescent protein-labeled, kanamycin-resistant Salmonella enterica sv.