Overcoming the challenge of invasive management through integration of (Eurotiales: Aspergillaceae) and (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) as biocontrol agents.

This study explores the synergistic effects of the fungal strain (P-Ph-13) and its interaction with the beetle in controlling the weed. The combined action of (P-Ph-13) and significantly suppressed the weed's germination and growth. Interaction with further boosted its effectiveness, decreasing seedling vigor by 78 % and increasing mortality by up to 42 % compared to the control group.

Biological Control of Hyalomma Ticks in Cattle by Fungal Isolates.

Ticks pose a major threat to cattle health and production in Pakistan because they transmit pathogens of diseases like Babesiosis and Theileriosis. spp., found across Africa, Asia, and Europe, are especially problematic.

Frequencies of Beta Thalassemia Mutations Show Different Pattern in Bannu Region than Other Parts of Pashtun Population in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province Pakistan.

Purpose: β-Thalassemia arises as result of mutations in HBB gene, influencing the globin production which results in hypochromic and microcytic anaemia. The present study was aimed to investigate the occurrence of six common β-thal mutations, its inheritance pattern, frequency, and consanguinity in parents of Bannu region Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) province, Pakistan. Conducting such studies may impart important information about thalassemia prevention like prenatal diagnosis (PND), carrier screening and genetic counselling which may be helpful in controlling the suspected births.

Risks and benefits of percutaneous coronary intervention in spontaneous coronary artery dissection.

Objective: To investigate percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) practice in an international cohort of patients with spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD). To explore factors associated with complications and study angiographic and longer term outcomes.

Methods: SCAD patients (n=215, 94% female) who underwent PCI from three national cohort studies were investigated and compared with a matched cohort of conservatively managed SCAD patients (n=221).

Proteome-wide mapping and reverse vaccinology-based B and T cell multi-epitope subunit vaccine designing for immune response reinforcement against .

a prominent pathogen responsible for acute periodontal diseases, is widely studied by the scientific community for its successful evasion of the host immune system. is associated with rheumatoid arthritis, dementia, and Alzheimer's. The pathogen successfully survives itself against the heavy load of conventional antibiotics because of its ability to evade the host immune system.

Morphological spectrum of endometrium with thyroid hormone profile in infertile female population of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.

Objectives: To study the morphological spectrum of endometrial changes with the thyroid hormone levels in infertile women.

Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted at Department of Pathology, Peshawar Medical College, Health Care Centre and Madina Medical Laboratory, Peshawar from April 2013 to August 2013. Total 160 cases of infertile women were included in the study.

Planned Second look laparotomy in neonatal volvulus - A safe approach for bowel salvage.

Midgut volvulus can result in gangrene and loss of large segments of intestine. After correction of volvulus the viability of intestine may improve and if given sufficient time a large portion of intestine may be saved. A planned second look laparotomy in babies with volvulus and doubtful gut viability can be helpful in saving large bowel segment.

The heart matters when the liver shatters! Cirrhotic cardiomyopathy: frequency, comparison, and correlation with severity of disease.

Introduction: Cirrhotic cardiomyopathy is a visor complication among patients with cirrhosis of the liver, manifesting during stress, exertion, transjuglar intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS), or liver transplantation. Cirrhotic cardiomyopathy is reported to be most common cause of post transplant mortality after rejection of 7% to 21%.

Aim: To determine the frequency of cirrhotic cardiomyopathy and was further designed to compare parameters of cardiac dysfunction in patients with or without cirrhotic cardiomyopathy.

Role of benign ovarian cysts in the development of adenomyosis.

Objectives: To assess the association of adenomyotic foci with co-existing benign ovarian cysts. 

Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study consisted of 100 consecutive hysterectomy specimens referred to Histopathology Section of Pathology Department, Peshawar Medical College, Peshawar, Pakistan by its attached teaching hospitals from January 2011 to December 2012. Hematoxylin and eosin stained sections were examined for adenomyotic foci and the presence of co-existent ovarian cysts.

Novel long chain fatty acid derivatives of quercetin-3-O-glucoside reduce cytotoxicity induced by cigarette smoke toxicants in human fetal lung fibroblasts.

Smoking has become a global health concern due to its association with many disease conditions, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and cancer. Flavonoids are plant polyphenolic compounds, studied extensively for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-carcinogenic properties. Quercetin-3-O-glucoside (Q3G) is a flavonoid which is widely found in plants.

Long Chain Fatty Acid Esters of Quercetin-3-O-glucoside Attenuate H₂O₂-induced Acute Cytotoxicity in Human Lung Fibroblasts and Primary Hepatocytes.

Cellular oxidative stress causes detrimental effects to macromolecules, such as lipids, nucleic acids and proteins, leading to many pathological conditions. Quercetin-3-O-glucoside (Q3G), a glycosylated derivative of quercetin (Q), is a natural polyphenolic compound known to possess antioxidant activity. The hydrophilic/lipophilic nature of an antioxidant molecule is considered as an important factor governing the accessibility to the active sites of oxidative damages in vivo.

Sonochemical enzyme-catalyzed regioselective acylation of flavonoid glycosides.

This work compares a highly efficient and alternative method of sonication-assisted lipase catalyzed acylation of quercetin-3-O-glucoside and phloretin-2'-glucoside, using Candida antarctica lipase B (Novozyme 435(®)), with a range of fatty acids. In this study, sonication-assisted irradiation coupled with stirring has been found to be more efficient and economical than conventional reaction conditions. Sonication-assisted acylation accelerated the reactions and reduced the time required by 4-5 folds.

Novel quercetin-3-O-glucoside eicosapentaenoic acid ester ameliorates inflammation and hyperlipidemia.

Quercetin, a major flavonol, present abundantly in apples and onions, is widely studied for ameliorating metabolic syndrome abnormalities. However, quercetin is mainly present in plant food in the form of quercetin glycosides and has been reported for poor gastrointestinal absorption. The present study was designed with the purpose of imparting a lipophilic property to quercetin-3-O-glucoside (QG) by its acylation with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and to study the influence of eicosapentaenoic acid ester of quercetin-3-O-glucoside (QE) on hyperlipidemia and inflammation in vivo and in vitro.

Docosahexaenoic acid ester of phloridzin inhibit lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in THP-1 differentiated macrophages.

Phloridzin or phlorizin (PZ) is a predominant phenolic compound found in apple and also used in various natural health products. Phloridzin shows poor absorption and cellular uptake due to its hydrophilic nature. The aim was to investigate and compare the effect of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) ester of PZ (PZ-DHA) and its parent compounds (phloridzin and DHA), phloretin (the aglycone of PZ) and cyclooxygenase inhibitory drugs (diclofenac and nimesulide) on production of pro-inflammatory biomarkers in inflammation-induced macrophages by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulation.

Long chain fatty acid acylated derivatives of quercetin-3-o-glucoside as antioxidants to prevent lipid oxidation.

Flavonoids have shown promise as natural plant-based antioxidants for protecting lipids from oxidation. It was hypothesized that their applications in lipophilic food systems can be further enhanced by esterification of flavonoids with fatty acids. Quercetin-3-O-glucoside (Q3G) was esterified individually with six selected long chain fatty acids: stearic acid (STA), oleic acid (OLA), linoleic acid (LNA), α-linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and decosahexaenoic acid (DHA), using Candida antarctica B lipase as the biocatalyst.

Fatty acid esters of phloridzin induce apoptosis of human liver cancer cells through altered gene expression.

Phloridzin (phlorizin or phloretin 2'-O-glucoside) is known for blocking intestinal glucose absorption. We have investigated the anticarcinogenic effect of phloridzin and its novel derivatives using human cancer cell lines. We have synthesised novel acylated derivatives of phloridzin with six different long chain fatty acids by regioselective enzymatic acylation using Candida Antarctica lipase B.

Prevalence of Entamoeba histolytica -like cysts compared to E. histolytica antigens detected by ELISA in the stools of 600 patients from three socioeconomic communities in the Metropolitan City of Lahore, Pakistan.

Amoebiasis, caused by Entamoeba histolytica , has a worldwide distribution and is of public health significance in many developing countries. It has a fecal-oral transmission cycle and is most prevalent in developing countries in regions where substandard sanitary conditions exist due to poverty. Little is known about the epidemiology of E.

Biocatalytic synthesis, structural elucidation, antioxidant capacity and tyrosinase inhibition activity of long chain fatty acid acylated derivatives of phloridzin and isoquercitrin.

Our present investigation describes the regioselective enzymatic acylation of two series of acylated derivatives of phloridzin and isoquercitrin with six different long chain saturated, mono- and poly-unsaturated fatty acids. The biocatalytic synthesis was optimized to achieve 81-98% yields, using immobilized lipase B, from Candida antarctica (Novozym 435), in acetone at 45°C. The synthesized esters have been analyzed by (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR spectroscopy and evaluated for their antioxidant capacity and tyrosinase inhibition, using in vitro assays.

Identification of potent urease inhibitors via ligand- and structure-based virtual screening and in vitro assays.

A pharmacophore model was developed based on three structurally diverse urease inhibitors by using the GASP program. This model comprises the positions and tolerance for two acceptor atoms (AA1 and AA2), one donor atom (DA1), and one hydrophobic center (HYP1). This derived phamacophore model was employed to screen an in-house database of organic compounds.

A convenient synthesis of p-substituted 1-arylsulfonyl-pyrrolidin-2-ones.

A convenient and novel method of cyclisation of 4-(4-substituted-phenylsulfonamido)-butanoic acids to their corresponding p-substituted 1-arylsulfonyl-pyrrolidin-2-ones was achieved by using polyphosphate ester (PPE). The reaction times were considerably reduced, with an increase in yields, when PPE was used in combination with a catalytic amount of pyridine.

A convenient iodination method for alcohols using cesium iodide/methanesulfonic acid and its comparison using cesium iodide/p-toluenesulfonic acid or cesium iodide/aluminium chloride.

In situ generation of hydrogen iodide from cesium iodide/methanesulfonic acid was found to be an attractive reagent combination for the conversion of alkyl, allyl, and benzyl alcohols to their corresponding iodides under mild conditions. The method is compared with that using cesium iodide/p-toluenesulfonic acid or cesium iodide/aluminium chloride.

In vitro leishmanicidal activity of 3-substituted isocoumarins: synthesis and structure activity relationship.

Twenty-five 3-substituted isocoumarins were synthesized using cutting edge microwave-assisted technology in high yields. The syntheses of different isocoumarins were carried out in a single step by the direct condensation of homophthalic acid with aryol and acyl chlorides under the solvent-free conditions without any solid support. The structures of all the synthesized compounds were characterized using different spectroscopic techniques including UV, IR, (1)HNMR and EIMS and purity was confirmed by CHN analysis.