Advances in research on the mechanism of tsRNA action in tumours.

tsRNA is a class of non-coding RNAs derived from mature or precursor tRNAs. In recent years, more and more studies have explored the correlation between tsRNAs and tumours. tsRNAs can affect the biological behaviours of tumour cells such as proliferation, apoptosis and metastasis by regulating gene expression, protein translation or post-transcriptional regulation.

Simultaneous High Current Density and Selective Electrocatalytic CO-to-CH through Intermediate Balancing.

The electrochemical reduction of CO to CH is promising for carbon neutrality and renewable energy storage but confronts low CH selectivity, especially at high current densities. The key challenge lies in promoting *CO intermediate and *H coupling while minimizing side reactions including C-C coupling and H-H coupling, which is particularly difficult at high current density due to abundant intermediates. Here we report a cooperative strategy to address this challenge using Cu-based catalysts comprising Cu-N coordination polymer and CuO component that can simultaneously manage the key intermediates *CO and *H.

Triphenylphosphine-Modified Iridium, Rhodium, and Ruthenium Complexes to Achieve Enhanced Anticancer Selectivity by Targeting Mitochondria.

The incorporation of an organelle-targeting moiety into compounds has proven to be an effective strategy in the development of targeted anticancer drugs. We herein report the synthesis, characterization, and biological evaluation of novel triphenylphosphine-modified half-sandwich iridium, rhodium, and ruthenium complexes. The primary goal was to enhance anticancer selectivity through mitochondrial targeting.

An electrochemical aptasensor based on C-ZIF-67@PAN nanofibers for detection of ampicillin in milk.

C-ZIF-67@PAN nanofibers are prepared as an active material for ampicillin (AMP) detection. Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) can provide larger specific surface area and more binding sites. The PAN fiber in the further carbonization process can make ZIF-67 orderly arranged, enhance the conductivity of the material, and make the response more sensitive.

Au nanoflower/Au island hybrid substrate as high-performance SERS platforms.

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) offers significant enhancements to weak Raman signals, which has been widely used for the detection of ultra-low concentrations of molecules. Obtaining repeatable SERS substrates with high density "hot spots" is one of the main challenges for quantitative analysis using SERS. Herein, a SERS substrate based on Au nanoflower/nanoisland (NF/NI) hybrid substrate is constructed.

Non-antibiotic disinfectant synchronously interferes methane production and antibiotic resistance genes propagation during sludge anaerobic digestion: Activation of microbial adaptation and reconfiguration of bacteria-archaea synergies.

Waste activated sludge (WAS) presents both resource recovery potential and pollution risks, making its efficient treatment challenging. Anaerobic digestion is broadly recognized as a green and sustainable approach to WAS treatment, whose efficiency is easily impacted by the exogeneous pollutants in WAS. However, the impact of polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG), as a widely-used non-antibiotic disinfectant, on WAS digestion under semi-continuous flow conditions remains unclear.

Overcoming Low mRNA Expression in White Matter: A Protocol for RNA Extraction From the Optic Nerve in Large Animals for Transcriptomic Analysis.

Purpose: White matter (WM) abnormalities are associated with various central nervous system (CNS) disorders, and the optic nerve provides a unique opportunity to study WM pathology. Large animal models offer a more suitable platform for preclinical testing of novel therapeutic strategies for optic neuropathy due to their similarities to humans in size and relevant anatomy. Transcriptomic analyses of optic nerve tissue are essential for understanding the underlying pathological mechanisms.

Time trends and advances in the management of global, regional, and national diabetes in adolescents and young adults aged 10-24 years, 1990-2021: analysis for the global burden of disease study 2021.

Background: Estimation of global diabetes burden in adolescents and young adults (10-24 years) from 1990 to 2021.

Methods: Data were extracted from the 2021 Global Burden of Disease Study. Joinpoint regression analysis was employed to examine trends over the past 30 years, frontier analysis identified regions with potential for improvement, and the slope index of inequality and the relative concentration index were used to assess health inequalities.

Bio-inspired aFGF modification functionalized piezoelectric chitosan films for promoting scald wound healing.

The application of acidic fibroblast growth factor (aFGF) has shown great potential in the treatment of scald or burn wounds with high morbidity and mortality, especially in promoting the repair of deep partial-thickness wounds. However, its short half-life and instability in vivo do pose challenges for clinical application. Herein, two kinds of bio-inspired modified piezoelectric chitosan (CS) films, namely heparin-coated CS film (HCS) and polydopamine-coated CS film (DCS), are facially fabricated and adopted as controlled-release platforms for local delivery of aFGF.

Effect of exercise training on clinical and physiological variables in adults with myotonic dystrophy type 1: A systematic review protocol.

Myotonic dystrophy Type 1 (DM1) is a neuromuscular disease characterized by multisystemic involvement including a progressive loss of muscle mass and strength. Further investigation on the effect of exercise in adults with DM1 is needed to incorporate impactful recent findings to better understand the utility of exercise as an intervention. This review aims to summarize and appraise the literature on the effects of aerobic and strength training on clinical and physiological variables in adults with DM1.

Comparison of visual acuity outcome and choroidal thickness variation of intravitreal ranibizumab injection for myopic choroidal neovascularization with or without dome-shaped macula.

Background: To investigate the visual acuity outcome and choroid thickness (CT) change after intravitreal ranibizumab in highly myopic eyes with or without dome-shaped macula (DSM) in Chinese patients.

Methods: This retrospective, observative study included 80 treatment-naive eyes (80 patients), which received ranibizumab according to the 1+PRN protocol. The best corrective visual acuity (BCVA) and CT change were compared between eyes with or without DSM.

Multi-omics analysis of gut-brain axis reveals novel microbial and neurotransmitter signatures in patients with arteriosclerotic cerebral small vessel disease.

Arteriosclerotic cerebral small vessel disease (aCSVD) is a major cause of stroke and dementia. Although its underlying pathogenesis remains poorly understood, both inflammaging and gut microbiota dysbiosis have been hypothesized to play significant roles. This study investigated the role of gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of aCSVD through a comparative analysis of the gut microbiome and metabolome between CSVD patients and healthy controls.

ALK-positive histiocytosis: Report of a rare case with exclusive involvement of the central nervous system in an adult woman.

ALK-positive histiocytosis is a rare histiocytic disease characterized by ALK positivity. It was first described in 2008 as a systemic disease in infants. The disease often shows positivity for CD68 and CD163 on immunohistochemistry, and genomic analysis frequently reveals KIF5B::ALK fusions.

Fabrication of a Microfluidic-Based Device Coated with Polyelectrolyte-Capped Titanium Dioxide to Couple High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry for Mercury Speciation.

Mercury (Hg) is a toxic element which impacts on biological systems and ecosystems. Because the toxicity of Hg species is highly dependent on their concentration levels and chemical forms, the sensitive identification of the chemical forms of Hg-i.e.

Gold Nano Frameworks with Mesopores for Synergistic Immune-Thermal Therapy in Hepatic Carcinoma: A Paradigm Shift in Immune Checkpoint Blockade.

Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy, while showing promise in various cancers, exhibits limited effectiveness in hepatic carcinoma due to the tumor's immunosuppressive microenvironment (TME) and challenges associated with immune cell infiltration. Efforts to transform the "cold" TME into an "inflamed" state, notably through chemo-immunotherapy, have sparked interest due to their potential to induce immunogenic cell death and augment the infiltration of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). Nonetheless, the efficacy of chemo-immunotherapy is often compromised by suboptimal pharmacokinetics, poor tumor accumulation, and off-target toxicity.

Immunotherapies targeting the oncogenic fusion gene CLDN18-ARHGAP in gastric cancer.

The CLDN18-ARHGAP fusion gene is an oncogenic driver newly discovered in gastric cancer. It was detected in 9% (8/87) of gastric cancer patients in our center. An immunogenic peptide specifically targeting CLDN18-ARHGAP fusion gene was generated to induce neoantigen-reactive T cells, which was proved to have specific and robust anti-tumor capacity both in in vitro coculture models and in vivo xenograft gastric cancer models.

Inflammatory factors and the risk of urolithiasis: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study.

Background: Urolithiasis is a prevalent condition encountered in urology. Over the past decade, its global incidence has been on an upward trajectory; paired with a high recurrence rate, this presents considerable health and economic burdens. Although inflammatory factors are pivotal in the onset and progression of urolithiasis, their causal linkages remain elusive.

Maintenance effects of short-period intensive creative expressive arts-based program (SPI-CrEAS) on cognitive function older adults with mild cognitive impairment: A pilot study.

Objectives: To assess the maintenance effectiveness of a short-period intensive creative expressive arts-based storytelling (SPI-CrEAS) program in older patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).

Methods: This two-arm, single-blinded, pilot, randomized controlled trial was conducted at XXX and included 38 participants who had previously completed a 24-week CrEAS project. Eligible participants were randomly assigned to receive intensive CrEAS program twice weekly for an additional 12 weeks (short-period intensive [SPI]-CrEAS) or complete their daily activities (control group).

Prediction models for diagnosis and prognosis of the colonization or infection of multidrug-resistant organisms in adults: a systematic review, critical appraisal, and meta-analysis.

Background: Prediction models help to target patients at risk of multidrug-resistant organism (MDRO) colonization or infection and could serve as tools informing clinical practices to prevent MDRO transmission and inappropriate empiric antibiotic therapy. However, there is limited evidence to identify which among the available models are of low risk of bias and suitable for clinical application.

Objectives: To identify, describe, appraise, and summarise the performance of all prognostic and diagnostic models developed or validated for predicting MDRO colonization or infection.

NIR-II-Absorbing NDI Polymer with Superior Penetration Depth for Enhanced Photothermal Therapy Efficiency of Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Introduction: Hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) have a high morbidity and mortality rate, and is difficult to cure and prone to recurrence when it has already developed. Therefore, early detection and efficient treatment of HCC is necessary.

Methods: In this study, we synthesized a novel NDI polymer with uniform size, long-term stability, and high near-infrared two-zone (NIR-II) absorption efficiency, which can greatly enhance the effect of photothermal therapy (PTT) after intravenous injection into Huh-7-tumor bearing mice.