The Prevalence of Depressive Symptoms in Patients with Idiopathic Parkinson's Disease: Cross-Sectional Study from Somalia.

Introduction: Depression is one of the most common non-motor symptom of Parkinson's disease (PD), with an increasing prevalence in recent years. It causes significant psychological consequences that affect the disease course, overall quality of life, and functioning. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of depression in outpatients with Parkinson's disease evaluated in the neurology clinic at tertiary hospital in Mogadishu, Somalia.

Factors Influencing Early Hospital Arrival of Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke, Cross-Sectional Study at Teaching Hospital in Mogadishu Somalia.

Background And Purpose: The low rates of thrombolysis for ischemic stroke in our country and other developing countries can be attributed to delays in arrival at the hospital. This study aims to investigate the factors that influence the early hospital arrival of patients with acute ischemic stroke to the hospital in Mogadishu, Somalia.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted at a teaching hospital in Mogadishu, Somalia.

Clinical features and major bleeding predictors for 161 fatal cases of COVID-19: A retrospective observational study.

The aim of this study was to investigate the patient characteristics and laboratory parameters for COVID-19 non-survivors as well as to find risk factors for major bleeding complications. For this retrospective study, the data of patients who died with COVID-19 in our intensive care unit were collected in the period of March 20 - April 30, 2020. D-dimer, platelet count, C-reactive protein (CRP), troponin, and international normalized ratio (INR) levels were recorded on the 1st, 5th, and 10th days of hospitalization in order to investigate the possible correlation of laboratory parameter changes with in-hospital events.

Factors affecting successful colonoscopy procedures: Single-center experience.

Objective: Colonoscopy is a gold standard procedure for several colon pathologies. Successful colonoscopy means demonstration of the ileocecal valve and determination of colon polyps. Here we aimed to evaluate our colonoscopy success and results.

Association of Polymorphisms within the Serotonin Receptor Genes 5-HTR1A, 5-HTR1B, 5-HTR2A and 5-HTR2C and Migraine Susceptibility in a Turkish Population.

Objective: Migraine, a highly prevelant headache disorder, is regarded as a polygenic multifactorial disease. Serotonin (5-HT) and their respective receptors have been implicated in the patogenesis.

Methods: We investigated the 5-HT1A, 5-HT1B, 5-HT2A, and 5-HT2C receptor gene polymorphisms and their association with migraine in Turkish patients.

Contribution of polymorphisms in ESR1, ESR2, FSHR, CYP19A1, SHBG, and NRIP1 genes to migraine susceptibility in Turkish population.

Migraine, a highly prevalent headache disorder, is regarded as a polygenic multifactorial disease. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the genes that involved in sex hormone metabolism may comprise risk for migraine, but the results of previous genetic association studies are conflicting. The aim of this study was to evaluate genetic variants in genes involved in oestrogen receptor and oestrogen hormone metabolism in a Turkish population.

Facial diplegia: etiology, clinical manifestations, and diagnostic evaluation.

Objective: Facial diplegia (FD) is a rare neurological manifestation with diverse causes. This article aims to systematically evaluate the etiology, diagnostic evaluation and treatment of FD.

Method: The study was performed retrospectively and included 17 patients with a diagnosis of FD.

The effectiveness of the serum surfactant protein D (Sp-D) level to indicate lung injury in pulmonary embolism.

Background: Surfactant protein D (SP-D) is a biomarker specific to the lungs. Our aim was to investigate the relationship between clinical probability scores and the serum levels of SP-D to indicate the severity of lung injury that develops secondary to hypoxia in pulmonary embolism (PE).

Methods: We included three groups in the study: non-massive PE (n = 20), sub-massive PE (n = 20), and the control group (n = 20), which consisted of healthy volunteers.

Rıvaroxaban-induced severe diffuse ıntracerebral hemorrhage.

Bleeding, the most frightening adverse effect of anticoagulants,may occur in different parts of the body.When intracerebral hemorrhage in individuals used anticoagulant drugs is compared with normal coagulation function, the volume of bleeding is increased and the prognosis is worse. There are few studies in the literature regarding the presence of intracerebral hemorrhage and the volume and prognosis of bleeding associated with rivaroxaban, a new oral anticoagulant.

Echocardiographic epicardial fat thickness and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio are novel inflammatory predictors of cerebral ischemic stroke.

Background: The role of epicardial fat thickness (EFT) in ischemic stroke (IS) has not been previously investigated. The aim of the present study was to evaluate EFT and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) among patients with IS and to examine the relationship between these inflammatory markers and the incidence of IS.

Methods: The cross-sectional design includes 38 patients with IS and 47 age- and sex-matched healthy controls.

The prognostic values of GDF-15 in comparison with NT-proBNP in patients with normotensive acute pulmonary embolism.

Background: An early prediction of prognosis in pulmonary embolism (PE) is a crucial clinical entity. The aim of the study is to investigate whether growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) or N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide levels (NT-proBNP) can better predict the 30 day overall mortality in patients with normotensive acute PE.

Methods: Patients with a high clinical probability of PE, or with low/intermediate probability and a positive D-dimer test, underwent contrast-enhanced computed tomography and ventilation/perfusion lung scan.

Computer-based simulation training in emergency medicine designed in the light of malpractice cases.

Background: Using computer-based simulation systems in medical education is becoming more and more common. Although the benefits of practicing with these systems in medical education have been demonstrated, advantages of using computer-based simulation in emergency medicine education are less validated. The aim of the present study was to assess the success rates of final year medical students in doing emergency medical treatment and evaluating the effectiveness of computer-based simulation training in improving final year medical students' knowledge.

Cerebral fat embolism syndrome after long bone fracture due to gunshot injury.

Cerebral fat embolism syndrome is a lethal complication of long-bone fractures and clinically manifasted with respiratory distress, altered mental status, and petechial rash. We presented a 20-year-old male admitted with gun-shot wounds to his left leg. Twenty-four hours after the event, he had generalized tonic clonic seizures, decorticate posture and a Glascow Coma Scale of seven with localization of painful stimuli.

[Isosporiasis in an elderly patient with chronic diseases: case report].

Isospora belli is a coccidian protozoon that can cause serious diarrhea especially in immunocompromised patients. The laboratory diagnosis depends primarily on the identification of oocysts in stool specimens by direct microscopic examination with iodine or special stains. This case is presented in order to draw attention to isosporiasis among the diarrheas that can be seen in elderly patients with several chronic diseases.

Increased fibrinogen, D-dimer and galectin-3 levels in patients with migraine.

There are limited studies evaluating the fibrinogen levels in patients with migraine. It remains unknown whether the levels of the haematological marker of thromboembolism, D-dimer, and the levels of galectin-3, which plays an important role in inflammation as a proinflammatory mediator, change during the attacks in patients with migraine. The present study aims to compare galectin-3, fibrinogen and D-dimer levels in patients with migraine during the attacks and interictal periods, and to compare galectin-3, fibrinogen and D-dimer levels between patients with migraine and healthy controls to investigate the role of these parameters in the pathogenesis of migraine.

Evaluation of serum oxidant/antioxidant balance in patients with acute stroke.

Objectives: To investigate the alterations in the oxidant-antioxidant balance in patients with acute ischaemic stroke, and to locate any correlation between oxidant/antioxidant parameters and the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale.

Methods: The case-control study was conducted at the Neurology Department of Dicle University Medical Faculty, Diyarbakir, Turkey, from June 2010 to June 2011. Blood samples were obtained from 53 patients with ischaemic stroke and 40 healthy controls without any history of ischaemic stroke or systemic disease.

Relationship of cognitive performance with prolidase and oxidative stress in Alzheimer disease.

Glutamate excitotoxicity and oxidative stress are held responsible for the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Prolidase is known to have a crucial part in the recycling of proline for collagen synthesis. Elevated proline levels have been shown to increase glutamate concentration.

Evaluation of serum oxidant/antioxidant balance in multiple sclerosis.

The total oxidative status (TOS)/total anti-oxidative status (TAS) ratio can provide information on an individual's absolute oxidative stress index (OSI). We investigated the alterations in the oxidant-antioxidant balance by measuring the oxidant parameters OSI, TOS, and malondialdehyde (MDA) together with the antioxidant parameters such as TAS, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in patients with relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (MS). To our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate OSI in patients with relapsing remitting MS.

Diagnostic value of F-wave inversion in patients with early carpal tunnel syndrome.

Routine electrophysiological studies usually give normal results in patients with early stage carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). Diagnostic significance of the F-wave inversion (the median of F-wave minimal latencies (FWML) exceeds a normal ipsilateral ulnar FWML by 1ms) has not been previously reported in early stage CTS. In this study, our primary aim was to investigate the diagnostic value of F-wave inversion in early stage CTS.

Serum levels of calcification inhibitors in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage.

The vascular calcification regulators and inflammatory markers including fetuin-A, osteopontin (OPN), and matrix Gla protein (MGP) may play an important role in the development of intracerebral hemorrhages (ICHs). So far, the relationship between these parameters and ICH has not been studied. Therefore, this study was designed to elucidate whether fetuin-A, MGP, and OPN are involved in the pathophysiology of ICH.

Increased asymmetric dimethylarginine and nitric oxide levels in patients with migraine.

Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) has been found as correlated with endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress. There are few studies regarding ADMA and nitric oxide (NO) levels in patients with migraine and alterations of ADMA and NO levels during migraine attack are not well-known. Therefore, in present study, we aimed to measure NO and ADMA levels in patients with migraine and compare them with the control group to investigate the correlation between migraine, oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction.

Tissue trace and major element levels in organophosphate insecticide fenthion (Lebaycid) toxicity in rats: prophylactic and therapeutic effect of exogenous melatonin.

Organophosphate compounds are very toxic chemicals and used in widespread applications. The present study was designed to examine the role of exogenous melatonin against organophosphate toxicity in tissues (brain, heart, jejunum, kidney, liver, lung, muscle and pancreas) trace and major element levels of rats. Trace and major element concentrations in the tissues were measured in the sham group, the control group, prophylaxis with the melatonin group and therapy with the melatonin group (TM) by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy.

Noninvasive assessment of atherosclerosis in patients with isolated hypertension.

Background: Endothelial dysfunction is considered the first stage in the development of atherosclerosis. Brachial artery flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) has been used to assess endothelial dysfunction. An impaired FMD response may reflect a vascular phenotype prone to atherosclerosis.

Technetium-99m diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid radioaerosol scintigraphy in organophosphate induced pulmonary toxicity: experimental study.

Background: The aim of this experimental study was to investigate pathological signs of lung damages caused by acute organophosphate (OP) poisoning by using Tc-99m DTPA radioaerosol scintigraphy and histopathological investigation.

Material And Method: Fourteen rabbits were divided into two equal groups (n = 7). Group 1 (control group) received normal saline (same volume of fenthion, 2 ml/kg) via orogastric tube.

Fatal acute endosulfan toxicity: a case report.

Endosulfan is an organochlorine pesticide. It is banned in the USA and Europe, but use is unrestricted for insect control. Endosulfan causes many intentional and unintentional toxicities in developing countries and in Turkey.