From biological marker to clinical application: the role of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) for delayed puberty and idiopathic non-obstructive azoospermia in males.

Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), a biomarker secreted by Sertoli cells in the testes, has emerged as a critical indicator of male reproductive function with significant clinical application potential. AMH reflects Sertoli cell activity and plays a pivotal role across different stages of male gonadal function. Firstly, in prepubertal males, AMH levels are crucial for assessing testicular development and the progression of puberty, with delayed or insufficient AMH secretion often being associated with disorders like delayed puberty.

Selection of lubricant type and concentration for orodispersible tablets.

Lubricants are essential for most tablet formulations as they assist powder flow, prevent adhesion to tableting tools and facilitate tablet ejection. Magnesium stearate (MgSt) is an effective lubricant but may compromise tablet strength and disintegratability. In the design of orodispersible tablets, tablet strength and disintegratability are critical attributes of the dosage form.

Differences in vascular endothelial function and serum proteome between obese people with phlegm-dampness constitution and balanced constitution.

Objective: To evaluate the extent of vascular endothelial dysfunction and preliminary identify serum protein biomarkers associated with obese individuals at risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD).

Methods: Fifteen obese volunteers with the phlegm-dampness constitution or balanced constitution were recruited for this study respectively. The clinical baseline data was collected, and the vascular endothelial function was evaluated using the EndoPAT.

Stakeholder perspectives of system-related errors: Types, contributing factors, and consequences.

Background: Despite growing evidence of the benefits of electronic medication management systems (EMMS), research has also identified a range of new safety risks linked with their use. There is limited qualitative research focusing on system-related errors that result from use of EMMS. The aim of this study was to explore in-depth stakeholders' perceptions and experiences of system-related errors.

Cdc42 is required for male germline niche development in mice.

Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) are maintained in a special microenvironment called a niche. However, much is unknown about components that constitute the niche. Here, we report that Cdc42 is essential for germline niche development.

Identification and coregulation pattern analysis of long noncoding RNAs following subacute spinal cord injury.

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been demonstrated to play critical regulatory roles in posttranscriptional and transcriptional regulation in eukaryotic cells. However, the characteristics of many lncRNAs, particularly their expression patterns in the lesion epicenter of spinal tissues following subacute spinal cord injury (SCI), remain unclear. In this study, we determined the expression profiles of lncRNAs in the lesion epicenter of spinal tissues after traumatic SCI and predicted latent regulatory networks.

Exosomes from Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Can Prevent Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw.

The treatment measures of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is a worldwide challenge in oral and maxillofacial surgery because of its unclear pathogenesis. Previous studies suggested that mesenchymal stem cells played important roles in promoting MRONJ lesion healing, but the detailed mechanisms were unknown. Increasing numbers of studies have demonstrated that exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells, especially adipose-derived stem cells, have key roles in stem cell-based therapies by accelerating bone remodeling, facilitating angiogenesis, and promoting wound healing.

Emotional and Behavioral Problems of Left-Behind Children in Impoverished Rural China: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study of Fourth-Grade Children.

Purpose: Children who are left behind when their parents migrate for work have a high prevalence of emotional and behavioral problems, which affect social function and increase family burden. To date, no national survey has been conducted on the emotional and behavioral problems of left-behind children (LBC) in China. This study aimed to investigate the emotional and behavioral outcomes of primary school LBC in the fourth grade in impoverished rural China and the possible influences of family environment and parenting practices.

SnO Quantum Dots: Rational Design to Achieve Highly Reversible Conversion Reaction and Stable Capacities for Lithium and Sodium Storage.

SnO has been considered as a promising anode material for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and sodium ion batteries (SIBs), but challenging as well for the low-reversible conversion reaction and coulombic efficiency. To address these issues, herein, SnO quantum dots (≈5 nm) embedded in porous N-doped carbon matrix (SnO /NC) are developed via a hydrothermal step combined with a self-polymerization process at room temperature. The ultrasmall size in quantum dots can greatly shorten the ion diffusion distance and lower the internal strain, improving the conversion reaction efficiency and coulombic efficiency.

Sulfur-Mediated Interface Engineering Enables Fast SnS Nanosheet Anodes for Advanced Lithium/Sodium-Ion Batteries.

Interface design is generally helpful to ameliorate the electrochemical properties of electrode materials but challenging as well. Herein, in situ sulfur-mediated interface engineering is developed to effectively raise the kinetics properties of the SnS nanosheet anodes, which is realized by a synchronous reduction and carbon deposition/doping process. The sulfur in the raw SnS directly induces the sulfur-doped amorphous carbon layer onto the in situ reduced SnS nanosheet.

Diblock, Triblock and Cyclic Amphiphilic Copolymers with CO Switchability: Effects of Topology.

The combination of topology and CO switchability could provide new options for amphiphilic copolymers. Cyclic molecules supply novel topologies, and CO switching provides stimulus responsiveness. Cyclic poly(2-(diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate)-b-poly(ethylene oxide) and their corresponding block copolymers were prepared from poly(ethylene oxide) and 2-(diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate via atom transfer radical polymerization and Keck allylation with a Hoveyda-Grubbs catalyst.

Amidation-Dominated Re-Assembly Strategy for Single-Atom Design/Nano-Engineering: Constructing Ni/S/C Nanotubes with Fast and Stable K-Storage.

An amidation-dominated re-assembly strategy is developed to prepare uniform single atom Ni/S/C nanotubes. In this re-assembly process, a single-atom design and nano-structured engineering are realized simultaneously. Both the NiO single-atom active centers and nanotube framework endow the Ni/S/C ternary composite with accelerated reaction kinetics for potassium-ion storage.

Analysis of the Inter-Joints Synergistic Patterns of Limbs in Infant Crawling.

Hands and knees crawling is an important motor developmental milestone, which is characterized by diagonal coordination between upper and lower limbs. However, the features of inter-joint synergy within each limb in infant crawling is still not clear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to extract the inter-joint synergistic patterns during infant crawling and to test the possibilities of using the extracted inter-joint synergy to distinguish developmental delayed (DD) infants from typical developing (TD) infants.

Water-Induced Growth of a Highly Oriented Mesoporous Graphitic Carbon Nanospring for Fast Potassium-Ion Adsorption/Intercalation Storage.

A highly oriented mesoporous graphitic carbon nanospring (OGCS) with graphitic layers that are perpendicular to the axis is prepared by hydrothermal treatment of epoxy resin at 500 °C and annealing at 1400 °C. Water plays an important role in not only forming the graphitic carbon nanospring with a high [002] orientation and a large amount of active edge-plane sites, but also in the generation of the mesoporous structure, which facilitate fast K-ion adsorption and diffusion. In situ and ex situ measurements confirm that OGCS undergoes K-adsorption in mesopores and then K-intercalation in the graphite layer to form KC with a low discharge voltage.

An AlO coating layer on mesoporous Si nanospheres for stable solid electrolyte interphase and high-rate capacity for lithium ion batteries.

The application of Si-based anode materials is hindered by their extreme volume change, poor cycling stability, and low coulombic efficiency. Solving these problems generally requires a combination of strategies, such as nanostructure designing or surface coating. However, these strategies increase the difficulty of the fabrication process.

Dynamic decreased expression and hypermethylation of secreted frizzled-related protein 1 and 4 over the course of pulmonary fibrosis in mice.

Aberrantly activated Wnt signaling pathway and dysregulation of extracellular antagonists of Wnt signaling have been revealed in pulmonary fibrosis. In this study we evaluated the expression of secreted frizzled-related proteins (SFRPs) and their aberrant promoter methylation to investigate the involvement of epigenetic regulation in pulmonary fibrosis. The pulmonary fibrosis induced by intratracheal injection of bleomycin (BLM) into mice was adopted.

Metallothermic Reduction of Molten Adduct [PCl][AlCl] at 50 °C to Amorphous Phosphorus or Crystallized Phosphides.

A molten salt metallothermic reduction strategy is developed for preparing phosphorus (P) or phosphides controllably at low temperature, which is simple, energy-saving, and easy to scale up. Typically, synthesis of spongelike porous amorphous P (a-P) is realized through reduction of PCl with Zn (or Al) at 50 °C assisted by AlCl. It is demonstrated that an adduct salt PCl·AlCl composed of PCl and AlCl ions with a low melting point below 50 °C is formed from covalent salts PCl and AlCl.

Preparation of Sb nanoparticles in molten salt and their potassium storage performance and mechanism.

Sb nanoparticles with a size of 55 nm are fabricated via the reduction of SbCl3 by metallic Al in the molten salt of SbCl3 at 80 °C. In situ XRD patterns and ex situ Raman spectra show that the potassium storage mechanism is an alloying-type with the formation of a cubic K3Sb phase when fully potassiated and an amorphous phase when fully depotassiated. As an anode for potassium-ion batteries, Sb nanoparticles coated with graphene could deliver a reversible capacity of 381 mA h g-1 at 100 mA g-1, and maintain a capacity of 210 mA h g-1 at 500 mA g-1 for 200 cycles.

Large-Scale Fabrication of Core-Shell Structured C/SnO Hollow Spheres as Anode Materials with Improved Lithium Storage Performance.

Due to the high theoretical capacity as high as 1494 mAh g , SnO is considered as a potential anode material for high-capacity lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Therefore, the simple but effective method focused on fabrication of SnO is imperative. To meet this, a facile and efficient strategy to fabricate core-shell structured C/SnO hollow spheres by a solvothermal method is reported.

Using constrained information entropy to detect rare adverse drug reactions from medical forums.

Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) detection is critical to avoid malpractices yet challenging due to its uncertainty in pre-marketing review and the underreporting in post-marketing surveillance. To conquer this predicament, social media based ADRs detection methods have been proposed recently. However, existing researches are mostly co-occurrence based methods and face several issues, in particularly, leaving out the rare ADRs and unable to distinguish irrelevant ADRs.

Contribution of long duration of undiagnosed bipolar disorder to high frequency of relapse: A naturalistic study in China.

Background: With attention to misdiagnosis of bipolar disorder (BP), long duration of undiagnosed bipolar disorder (DUBP) had been reported recently in years. This study aims to investigate the contributions of long DUBP to the frequency of relapse in bipolar patients, and explore affect factors of DUBP.

Method: From 26 hospitals throughout China, 3896 participants diagnosed with BP according to International Classification of Diseases 10th criteria were enrolled in this study.

Nanostructured Carbon/Antimony Composites as Anode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries with Long Life.

A series of nanostructured carbon/antimony composites have been successfully synthesized by a simple sol-gel, high-temperature carbon thermal reduction process. In the carbon/antimony composites, antimony nanoparticles are homogeneously dispersed in the pyrolyzed nanoporous carbon matrix. As an anode material for lithium-ion batteries, the C/Sb10 composite displays a high initial discharge capacity of 1214.