Ischemia-reperfusion injury in a salvaged penumbra: Longitudinal high-tesla perfusion magnetic resonance imaging in a rat model.

Introduction: Although ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury varies between cortical and subcortical regions, its effects on specific regions remain unclear. In this study, we used various magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques to examine the spatiotemporal dynamics of I/R injury within the salvaged ischemic penumbra (IP) and reperfused ischemic core (IC) of a rodent model, with the aim of enhancing therapeutic strategies by elucidating these dynamics.

Materials And Methods: A total of 17 Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to 1 h of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion with a suture model.

Estimating the volume of penumbra in rodents using DTI and stack-based ensemble machine learning framework.

Background: This study investigates the potential of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in identifying penumbral volume (PV) compared to the standard gadolinium-required perfusion-diffusion mismatch (PDM), utilizing a stack-based ensemble machine learning (ML) approach with enhanced explainability.

Methods: Sixteen male rats were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion. The penumbra was identified using PDM at 30 and 90 min after occlusion.

Thalamocortical coherence predicts persistent postconcussive symptoms.

The pathogenetic mechanism of persistent post-concussive symptoms (PCS) following concussion remains unclear. Thalamic damage is known to play a role in PCS prolongation while the evidence and biomarkers that trigger persistent PCS have never been elucidated. We collected longitudinal neuroimaging and behavior data from patients and rodents after concussion, complemented with rodents' histological staining data, to unravel the early biomarkers of persistent PCS.

Automatic segmentation and radiomic texture analysis for osteoporosis screening using chest low-dose computed tomography.

Objective: This study developed a diagnostic tool combining machine learning (ML) segmentation and radiomic texture analysis (RTA) for bone density screening using chest low-dose computed tomography (LDCT).

Methods: A total of 197 patients who underwent LDCT followed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry were analyzed. First, an autosegmentation model was trained using LDCT to delineate the thoracic vertebral body (VB).

Personalized Prediction of Postconcussive Working Memory Decline: A Feasibility Study.

Concussion, also known as mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), commonly causes transient neurocognitive symptoms, but in some cases, it causes cognitive impairment, including working memory (WM) deficit, which can be long-lasting and impede a patient's return to work. The predictors of long-term cognitive outcomes following mTBI remain unclear, because abnormality is often absent in structural imaging findings. Previous studies have demonstrated that WM functional activity estimated from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has a high sensitivity to postconcussion WM deficits and may be used to not only evaluate but guide treatment strategies, especially targeting brain areas involved in postconcussion cognitive decline.

Identification of Differentially Expressed Genes in Different Glioblastoma Regions and Their Association with Cancer Stem Cell Development and Temozolomide Response.

The molecular heterogeneity of gene expression profiles of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) are the most important prognostic factors for tumor recurrence and drug resistance. Thus, the aim of this study was to identify potential target genes related to temozolomide (TMZ) resistance and GBM recurrence. The genomic data of patients with GBM from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA; 154 primary and 13 recurrent tumors) and a local cohort (29 primary and 4 recurrent tumors), samples from different tumor regions from a local cohort (29 tumor and 25 peritumoral regions), and Gene Expression Omnibus data (GSE84465, single-cell RNA sequencing; 3589 cells) were included in this study.

Diffusion Tensor Imaging of the Spinal Cord.

Spinal cord often is regarded as one of the last territories in the central nervous system where diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) can be used to probe white matter architecture. This article reviews current progress in spinal cord DTI, starting with anatomic properties and technical challenges that make spinal cord DTI a difficult task. Several possibilities offered by advanced pulse sequences that might overcome the difficulties are addressed, with associated trade-offs and limitations.

Impact of physiological noise in characterizing the functional MRI default-mode network in Alzheimer's disease.

The functional connectivity of the default-mode network (DMN) monitored by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients has been found weaker than that in healthy participants. Since breathing and heart beating can cause fluctuations in the fMRI signal, these physiological activities may affect the fMRI data differently between AD patients and healthy participants. We collected resting-state fMRI data from AD patients and age-matched healthy participants.

Prediction of Recurrence-associated Death from Localized Prostate Cancer with a Charlson Comorbidity Index-reinforced Machine Learning Model.

Research has failed to resolve the dilemma experienced by localized prostate cancer patients who must choose between radical prostatectomy (RP) and external beam radiotherapy (RT). Because the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) is a measurable factor that affects survival events, this research seeks to validate the potential of the CCI to improve the accuracy of various prediction models. Thus, we employed the Cox proportional hazard model and machine learning methods, including random forest (RF) and support vector machine (SVM), to model the data of medical records in the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD).

A Flexible and Modular Receiver Coil Array for Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

We propose a flexible form-fittingMRI receiver coil array assembledby individualcoilmodules. This design targetsMRI applications requiring a receiver array conforming to the anatomy of various shapes or sizes. Coil modules in our proposed array were arranged with gaps between them.

Relative latency and temporal variability of hemodynamic responses at the human primary visual cortex.

The blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) functional MRI (fMRI) signal is a robust surrogate for local neuronal activity. However, it has been shown to vary substantially across subjects, brain regions, and repetitive measurements. This variability represents a limit to the precision of the BOLD response and the ability to reliably discriminate brain hemodynamic responses elicited by external stimuli or behavior that are nearby in time.