Near-infrared fluorescent probe for visualization of nitroxyl in the plant response to stress.

Background: Nitroxyl (HNO) is an emerging signaling molecule that plays a significant regulatory role in various aspects of plant biology, including stress responses and developmental processes. However, understanding the precise actions of HNO in plants has been challenging due to the absence of highly sensitive and real-time in situ monitoring tools. Consequently, it is crucial to develop effective and accurate detection methods for HNO.

Study the effect of ATCC 14917 for caries prevention and anti-obesity.

Introduction: A complicated scenario where "multiple disease threats coexist and multiple health influencing factors are intertwined" is demonstrated by the fact that dental caries, obesity myopia and scoliosis have emerged as global public health issues. The problem of diseases co-existing in living things can be resolved by using probiotics. , has gained attention recently due to its probiotic properties, useful traits, and potential medical applications.

Convolutional Neural Network-Vision Transformer Architecture with Gated Control Mechanism and Multi-Scale Fusion for Enhanced Pulmonary Disease Classification.

Background/objectives: Vision Transformers (ViTs) and convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have demonstrated remarkable performances in image classification, especially in the domain of medical imaging analysis. However, ViTs struggle to capture high-frequency components of images, which are critical in identifying fine-grained patterns, while CNNs have difficulties in capturing long-range dependencies due to their local receptive fields, which makes it difficult to fully capture the spatial relationship across lung regions.

Methods: In this paper, we proposed a hybrid architecture that integrates ViTs and CNNs within a modular component block(s) to leverage both local feature extraction and global context capture.

Intelligent measurement of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis x-ray coronal imaging parameters based on VB-Net neural network: a retrospective analysis of 2092 cases.

Background: Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is a complex three-dimensional deformity, and up to now, there has been no literature reporting the analysis of a large sample of X-ray imaging parameters based on artificial intelligence (AI) for it. This study is based on the accurate and rapid measurement of x-ray coronal imaging parameters in AIS patients by AI, to explore the differences and correlations, and to further investigate the risk factors in different groups, so as to provide a theoretical basis for the diagnosis and surgical treatment of AIS.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of 3192 patients aged 8-18 years who had a full-length orthopantomogram of the spine and were diagnosed with AIS at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2019 to March 2024.

High-alcohol-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae aggravates lung injury by affecting neutrophils and the airway epithelium.

We have previously reported that high-alcohol-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (HiAlc Kpn) in the gut can cause endo-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Here, we discover that 91.2% of Kpn isolates from pulmonary disease samples also produce excess ethanol, which may be associated with respiratory disease severity.

Analysis of Water Adsorption Capacity, Thermal Behavior, Antioxidant Activity, and Smoke Volume by Polyol Ester in Reconstituted Tobacco.

A series of ester derivatives with hydroxyl groups were created by esterification of 1,2-propanediol and glycerol with -toluoyl chloride via the catalyst 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP). All the compounds were verified using nuclear magnetic resonance (H NMR, C NMR), infrared spectroscopy, and high resolution mass spectrometry. Moisture absorption and desorption experiments were carried out on the compounds' pure systems and their systems in reconstituted tobacco, while their hygroscopicity and moisturizing properties were evaluated using low-field nuclear magnetic resonance imaging.

A biodegradable lipid nanoparticle delivers a Cas9 ribonucleoprotein for efficient and safe in situ genome editing in melanoma.

The development of melanoma is closely related to Braf gene, which is a suitable target for CRISPR/Cas9 based gene therapy. CRISPR/Cas9-sgRNA ribonucleoprotein complexes (RNPs) stand out as the safest format compared to plasmid and mRNA delivery. Similarly, lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) emerge as a safer alternative to viral vectors for delivering the CRISPR/Cas9-sgRNA gene editing system.

An AIE-based ratiometric fluorescent probe for highly selective detection of HS in plant stress responses.

Hydrogen sulfide (HS) has emerged as a crucial signaling molecule in plant stress responses, playing a significant role in regulating various physiological and biochemical processes. In this study, we report an aggregation-induced emission (AIE)-based ratiometric fluorescent probe TPN-HS for the highly selective detection of HS in plant tissues. The probe exhibited excellent sensitivity and selectivity towards HS over other analytes, enabling real-time monitoring of HS dynamics in living cell.

Artificial intelligence assisted automatic screening of opportunistic osteoporosis in computed tomography images from different scanners.

Objectives: It is feasible to evaluate bone mineral density (BMD) and detect osteoporosis through an artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted system by using quantitative computed tomography (QCT) as a reference without additional radiation exposure or cost.

Methods: A deep-learning model developed based on 3312 low-dose chest computed tomography (LDCT) scans (trained with 2337 and tested with 975) achieved a mean dice similarity coefficient of 95.8% for T1-T12, L1, and L2 vertebral body (VB) segmentation on test data.

STC-UNet: renal tumor segmentation based on enhanced feature extraction at different network levels.

Renal tumors are one of the common diseases of urology, and precise segmentation of these tumors plays a crucial role in aiding physicians to improve diagnostic accuracy and treatment effectiveness. Nevertheless, inherent challenges associated with renal tumors, such as indistinct boundaries, morphological variations, and uncertainties in size and location, segmenting renal tumors accurately remains a significant challenge in the field of medical image segmentation. With the development of deep learning, substantial achievements have been made in the domain of medical image segmentation.

3D U-Net Neural Network Architecture-Assisted LDCT to Acquire Vertebral Morphology Parameters: A Vertebral Morphology Comprehensive Analysis in a Chinese Population.

To evaluate the feasibility of acquiring vertebral height from chest low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) images using an artificial intelligence (AI) system based on 3D U-Net vertebral segmentation technology and the correlation and features of vertebral morphology with sex and age of the Chinese population. Patients who underwent chest LDCT between September 2020 and April 2023 were enrolled. The Altman and Pearson's correlation analyses were used to compare the correlation and consistency between the AI software and manual measurement of vertebral height.

PDK4-mediated Nrf2 inactivation contributes to oxidative stress and diabetic kidney injury.

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is often featured with redox dyshomeostatis. Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4) is the hub for DKD development. However, the mechanism by which PDK4 mediates DKD is poorly understood.

Rational design of Near-Infrared fluorescent probe for monitoring HNO in plants.

Nitroxyl (HNO), a reactive nitrogen species (RNS), is essential for plant growth. However, the action of HNO in plants has been difficult to understand due to the lack of highly sensitive and real-time in-situ monitoring tools. Herein, we presented a near-infrared fluorescent probe, DCI-HNO, based on dicyanoisophorone fluorophore, for real-time mapping HNO in plants.

Effects of Separation and Purification Methods on Antioxidation, Hypoglycemic and DNA Protection Activity of Fenugreek Polysaccharide.

Six low molecular weight fenugreek polysaccharides (FP) were isolated and purified by ethanol stepwise precipitation (EFP-20, EFP-40, and EFP-60) and DEAE-52 cellulose column method (DFP-0, DFP-0.15, and DFP-0.3), respectively.

A Living Microecological Hydrogel with Microbiota Remodeling and Immune Reinstatement for Diabetic Wound Healing.

Dysregulated skin microbiota and compromised immune responses are the major etiological factors for non-healing diabetic wounds. Current antibacterial strategies fail to orchestrate immune responses and indiscriminately eradicate bacteria at the wound site, exacerbating the imbalance of microbiota. Drawing inspiration from the beneficial impacts that probiotics possess on microbiota, a living microecological hydrogel containing Lactobacillus plantarum and fructooligosaccharide (LP/FOS@Gel) is formulated to remodel dysregulated skin microbiota and reinstate compromised immune responses, cultivating a conducive environment for optimal wound healing.

Strengthening Mechanism of Polyurea to Anti-Penetration Performance of Spherical Cell Porous Aluminum.

A composite structure containing a metallic skeleton and polyurea elastomer interpenetrating phase was fabricated, and its anti-penetration performance for low-velocity large mass fragments was experimentally studied. The protection capacity of three polyurea was compared based on the penetration resistance force measurement. Results show that the polyurea coating layer at the backside improves the performance of the polyurea-filled spherical cell porous aluminum (SCPA) plate due to its backside support effect and phase transition effect, which are accompanied by a large amount of energy absorption.

Mitochondria-Regulated Information Processing Nanosystem Promoting Immune Cell Communication for Liver Fibrosis Regression.

Liver fibrosis is a coordinated response to tissue injury that is mediated by immune cell interactions. A mitochondria-regulated information-processing (MIP) nanosystem that promotes immune cell communication and interactions to inhibit liver fibrosis is designed. The MIP nanosystem mimics the alkaline amino acid domain of mitochondrial precursor proteins, providing precise targeting of the mitochondria.

Curcumin alleviates zearalenone-induced liver injury in mice by scavenging reactive oxygen species and inhibiting mitochondrial apoptosis pathway.

Curcumin (CUR) is a compound extracted from turmeric that has a variety of functions including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory. As an estrogen-like mycotoxin, zearalenone (ZEN) not only attacks the reproductive system, but also has toxic effects on the liver. However, whether CUR can alleviate ZEN-induced liver injury remains unclear.

Role of the microbiota-gut-heart axis between bile acids and cardiovascular disease.

Bile acid (BA) receptors (e.g., farnesoid X-activated receptor, muscarinic receptor) are expressed in cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, and vascular smooth muscle cells, indicating the relevance of BAs to cardiovascular disease (CVD).

Differences in Vertebral Morphology and bone Mineral Density between Grade 1 Vertebral Fracture and Non-Fractured Participants in the Chinese Population.

Purpose: To investigate the difference in vertebral morphology and bone mineral density (BMD) between grade 1 VFs and non-fractured participants in the Chinese population to shed light on the clinical significance of grade 1 VFs from various perspectives.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study included patients who received a chest low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) scan for health examination and visited the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan, China, from October 2019 to August 2022. Data were analyzed from March 2023 to July 2023.

Dual-energy computed tomography and micro-computed tomography for assessing bone regeneration in a rabbit tibia model.

To gain a more meaningful understanding of bone regeneration, it is essential to select an appropriate assessment method. Micro-computed tomography (Micro-CT) is widely used for bone regeneration because it provides a substantially higher spatial resolution. Dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) ensure shorter scan time and lower radiation doses during quantitative evaluation.

Mechanism of Salt Precipitation Blockage in Low-Producing Gas Wells and the Method of Acidification Blockage Removal.

In the Changqing area, over 23.6% of gas wells produce less than 0.1 × 10 m/d of gas daily, posing a challenge to gas field sustainability.