Examining structure-activity relationships of ManNAc analogs used in the metabolic glycoengineering of human neural stem cells.

This study defines biochemical mechanisms that contribute to novel neural-regenerative activities we recently demonstrated for thiol-modified ManNAc analogs in human neural stem cells (hNSCs) by comparing our lead drug candidate for brain repair, "TProp," to a "size-matched" N-alkyl control analog, "But." These analogs biosynthetically install non-natural sialic acids into cell surface glycans, altering cell surface receptor activity and adhesive properties of cells. In this study, TProp modulated sialic acid-related biology in hNSCs to promote neuronal differentiation through modulation of cell adhesion molecules (integrins α6, β1, E-cadherin, and PSGL-1) and stem cell markers.

Interpretable machine learning model for digital lung cancer prescreening in Chinese populations with missing data.

We developed an interpretable model, BOUND (Bayesian netwOrk for large-scale lUng caNcer Digital prescreening), using a comprehensive EHR dataset from the China to improve lung cancer detection rates. BOUND employs Bayesian network uncertainty inference, allowing it to predict lung cancer risk even with missing data and identify high-risk factors. Developed using data from 905,194 individuals, BOUND achieved an AUC of 0.

Metabolically Glycoengineered Neural Stem Cells Boost Neural Repair After Cardiac Arrest.

Cardiac arrest (CA)-induced cerebral ischemia remains challenging with high mortality and disability. Neural stem cell (NSC) engrafting is an emerging therapeutic strategy with considerable promise that, unfortunately, is severely compromised by limited cell functionality after in vivo transplantation. This groundbreaking report demonstrates that metabolic glycoengineering (MGE) using the "AcManNTProp (TProp)" monosaccharide analog stimulates the Wnt/-catenin pathway, improves cell adhesion, and enhances neuronal differentiation in human NSCs in vitro thereby substantially increasing the therapeutic potential of these cells.

Neuroprotective Approaches for Brain Injury After Cardiac Arrest: Current Trends and Prospective Avenues.

With the implementation of improved bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation techniques and public-access defibrillation, survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) has increased significantly over the years. Nevertheless, OHCA survivors have residual anoxia/reperfusion brain damage and associated neurological impairment resulting in poor quality of life. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation or targeted temperature management has proven effective in improving post-cardiac arrest (CA) neurological outcomes, yet considering the substantial healthcare costs and resources involved, there is an urgent need for alternative treatment strategies that are crucial to alleviate brain injury and promote recovery of neurological function after CA.

Real experience of caregivers of patients with HIV/AIDS from the perspective of iceberg theory: a qualitative research.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the caregiving behaviours and supportive needs of caregivers of patients with HIV/AIDS and provide a basis for healthcare institutions to carry out caregiver interventions.

Design: A purposive sampling method was used to select 11 caregivers of patients with HIV/AIDS in the Infectious Disease Department of a tertiary hospital in Nanjing, China, to conduct semistructured interviews. Colaizzi analysis was used to collate and analyse the interview data.

The role of tumor parenchyma and brain cortex signal intensity ratio in differentiating solitary fibrous tumors and meningiomas.

Background: Solitary fibrous tumors (SFT) and meningiomas (MA) have similar clinical and radiographic presentations but require different treatment approaches and have different prognoses. This emphasizes the importance of a correct preoperative diagnosis of SFT versus MA.

Objective: In this study, investigated the differences in imaging characteristics between SFT and MA to improve the accuracy of preoperative imaging diagnosis of SFT.

Experiment and Simulation Study of the Laser-Induced Cavitation Bubble Technique for Forming a Microgroove in Aluminum Foil.

The present work introduces a laser-induced cavitation bubble technique for forming an axisymmetric structure (i.e., microgroove) and the dynamics of a cavitation bubble from initial expansion to the collapse stages that were also simulated.

Longitudinal-Torsional Ultrasonic Grinding of GCr15: Development of Longitudinal-Torsional Ultrasonic System and Prediction of Surface Topography.

The common material of bearing rings is GCr15 bearing steel which is a typical difficult-to-machine material. As an important working surface of the bearing, the inner surface of the raceway plays a vital role in the performance of the bearing. As an important means to solve the high-performance manufacturing of difficult-to-machine materials, longitudinal-torsional ultrasonic processing is widely used in various types of processing.

Neuroprotection of Stem Cells Against Ischemic Brain Injury: From Bench to Clinic.

Neurological injuries can have numerous debilitating effects on functional status including sensorimotor deficits, cognitive impairment, and behavioral symptoms. Despite the disease burden, treatment options remain limited. Current pharmacological interventions are targeted at symptom management but are ineffective in reversing ischemic brain damage.

Differentiation state and culture conditions impact neural stem/progenitor cell-derived extracellular vesicle bioactivity.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from neural progenitor/stem cells (NPSCs) have shown promising efficacy in a variety of preclinical models. However, NPSCs lack critical neuroregenerative functionality such as myelinating capacity. Further, culture conditions used in NPSC EV production lack standardization, limiting reproducibility challenging and potentially potency of the overall approach lack of optimization.

The role of perceived expertise and trustworthiness in research study and clinical trial recruitment: Perspectives of clinical research coordinators and African American and Black Caribbean patients.

This study investigates the role of source credibility on minority participant recruitment, particularly African American and Black Caribbean patients. A total of nine focus groups (N = 48 participants) were conducted with both patient groups and clinical research coordinators (CRCs). Using the elaboration likelihood model as a guiding framework for analysis, this study found that the credibility of research coordinators (or other professionals who recruit for research studies and clinical trials) was instrumental in shaping attitudes of prospective participants.

COVID-19 Information Overload Mediated the Effects of Cross-Channel Information Differences on Health Information Elaboration.

The COVID-19 pandemic has brought on an unprecedented amount of information about the virus and vaccination, varying significantly across information channels. While extant research shows that excessive information leads to overload and less elaboration, few studies have examined factors associated with information overload and elaboration. Considering the trend that we likely receive information on the same topics from different communication channels daily, this study sought to understand how cross-channel differences in the information were associated with information overload and subsequent elaboration.

Improving Schwann Cell Differentiation from Human Adipose Stem Cells with Metabolic Glycoengineering.

Schwann cells (SCs) are myelinating cells that promote peripheral nerve regeneration. When nerve lesions form, SCs are destroyed, ultimately hindering nerve repair. The difficulty in treating nerve repair is exacerbated due to SC's limited and slow expansion capacity.

Reducing Health Disparities Among African American and Black Caribbean Patients by Improving the Communication Practices of Clinical Research Coordinators.

This manuscript focuses on the communication factors that affect the willingness of African Americans and Black Caribbean patients to participate in clinical trials and research studies. Low rates of research participation by members of communities of color have long been linked to health disparities. While there are many factors that contribute to low rates of accrual of African American and Black patients to clinical trials, a lack of attention to communication factors that enhance or inhibit the recruitment process is central to the problem.

Stem Cell Therapy for Ischemic Brain Injury: Early Intranasal Delivery after Cardiac Arrest.

Global ischemic brain injury is the leading cause of mortality and long-term disability in patients resuscitated from cardiac arrest. Hypothermia and neuroprotective agents are two strategies partially improve neurological outcomes following resuscitation. However, the therapeutic effects of these treatments are inconsistently reported.

NIR-excited upconversion nanoparticles used for targeted inhibition of Aβ42 monomers and disassembly of Aβ42 fibrils.

Much attention has been paid to oxidising amyloid-β peptides (Aβ) for inhibiting their aggregation using photosensitive materials. However, the low penetration of ultraviolet/visible light into biological tissues and low targeting properties of the materials hinder their application. Here, we constructed a novel platform for attenuating the neurotoxicity of Aβ through functional upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs@SiO-ThS).

Effect of Graded Targeted Temperature Management on Cerebral Glucose Spatiotemporal Characteristics after Cardiac Arrest.

Cardiac arrest (CA) is a fatal disease with high rates of neurological impairment. At present, targeted temperature management (TTM) is the only strategy with firm clinical evidence to prove its effectiveness. However, there is still controversy on the implementation of TTM, particularly on its depth, with a lack of elucidated underlying therapeutic mechanisms.

Neuroprotection of NSC Therapy is Superior to Glibenclamide in Cardiac Arrest-Induced Brain Injury via Neuroinflammation Regulation.

Cardiac arrest (CA) is common and devastating, and neuroprotective therapies for brain injury after CA remain limited. Neuroinflammation has been a target for two promising but underdeveloped post-CA therapies: neural stem cell (NSC) engrafting and glibenclamide (GBC). It is critical to understand whether one therapy has superior efficacy over the other and to further understand their immunomodulatory mechanisms.