Difference of Parental Level of Concerns on Surgery according to the Perspectives and Characteristic among Pediatrics with Intermittent Exotropia.

Purpose: To evaluate the differences in the level of concerns regarding exotropia surgery according to the perspectives regarding surgery and basic characteristics of parents of pediatric patients with intermittent exotropia in Korea.

Methods: This study included the parents of pediatric patients with intermittent exotropia who underwent surgery at five hospitals, between June 2022 and February 2023. Parental perspectives, basic characteristics, and levels of concern regarding surgery were assessed using a questionnaire.

It is challenging to reproduce both anatomical and functional aspects of anterolateral reconstruction: postoperative 3D-CT analysis of the femoral tunnel position.

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the femoral tunnel position and fiber length of the anterolateral ligament (ALL) reconstruction compared with the natural anatomy of the ALL. We also evaluated whether the femoral tunnel position would affect residual pivot shift.

Methods: This study was a retrospective review of 55 knees that underwent ALL reconstruction considering the anatomical and functional aspects, during primary anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction in the presence of a high-grade pivot shift or revisional ACL reconstruction.

The comparison of postoperative changes in subjective awareness of exodeviation between pediatric and adult patients with intermittent exotropia.

To evaluate pre- and postoperative changes in the subjective awareness of exodeviation in patients with intermittent exotropia and compare pediatric and adult patients. This retrospective study included pediatric (6-17 years) and adult patients (≥18 years) with intermittent exotropia who underwent surgery. Patients with subjective awareness of exodeviation associated with exotropia were included.

Parental perspectives and concerns regarding exotropia surgery and comparison with clinicians' predictions.

Purpose: To evaluate parental perspectives and concerns regarding exotropia surgery and compare them with clinicians' predictions of parental responses in Korean pediatric patients with intermittent exotropia.

Methods: This survey study included the parents of pediatric patients with intermittent exotropia who underwent surgery and clinicians at five hospitals from June 2022 to February 2023, who participated in the Survey of Parental Attitude and Concerns of Exotropia surgery (SPACE) study 1. Parental attitudes and concern about exotropia surgery were assessed using a questionnaire.

Effects of TiO Nanotubes and Reduced Graphene Oxide on and Preosteoblastic Cells at an Early Stage.

The effects of TiO nanotube (TNT) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) deposition onto titanium, which is widely used in dental implants, on () and preosteoblastic cells were evaluated. TNTs were formed through anodic oxidation on pure titanium, and rGO was deposited using an atmospheric plasma generator. The specimens used were divided into a control group of titanium specimens and three experimental groups: Group N (specimens with TNT formation), Group G (rGO-deposited specimens), and Group NG (specimens under rGO deposition after TNT formation).

Changes in the number and characteristics of patients with acute acquired concomitant esotropia over time: An 8-year retrospective study.

This study aimed to evaluate changes in the number and clinical characteristics of patients with acute acquired concomitant esotropia (AACE) over the course of 8 years. This retrospective study enrolled patients with AACE who visited our clinic between July 2014 and June 2022. The total study period was divided into 4 periods in chronological order.

The subjective controllability of exotropia and its effect on surgical outcomes in patients with intermittent exotropia.

Background/aims: We evaluate the clinical characteristics of intermittent exotropia with controllability and compare surgical outcomes between patients with and without controllability.

Methods: We reviewed the medical records of patients aged 6-18 years with intermittent exotropia who underwent surgery between September 2015 and September 2021. Controllability was defined as the patient's subjective awareness of exotropia or diplopia associated with the presence of exotropia and ability to instinctively correct the ocular exodeviation.

Multiple cranial nerve palsies with small angle exotropia following COVID-19 mRNA vaccination in an adolescent: A case report.

Background: Several vaccines against the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 have been approved and widely distributed, raising public concerns regarding the side effects of immunization, as the incidence of ease. Although many adverse events following the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine have been reported, neurological complications are relatively uncommon. Herein, we report a rare case of multiple cranial palsies following COVID-19 vaccination in an adolescent patient.

Ocular motility disorders following coronavirus disease-19 vaccination.

Purpose: To describe clinical manifestations and short-term prognosis of ocular motility disorders following coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) vaccination.

Methods: Ocular motility disorders were diagnosed by clinical assessment, high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging, and laboratory testing. Clinical manifestations, short-term prognosis, and rate of complete recovery were analyzed.

The Association between Level of Control and Exodeviation after the Monocular Occlusion Test in Pediatric Patients with Intermittent Exotropia.

Purpose: We investigated the association between the level of control and exodeviation after the monocular occlusion test (MO) in pediatric patients with intermittent exotropia.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the records of pediatric patients with intermittent exotropia who visited Yeungnam University Hospital between September 2015 and December 2020. The largest exodeviation obtained before and after 1 hour of MO were compared.

Epigallocatechin Gallate Protects against Hypoxia-Induced Inflammation in Microglia via NF-κB Suppression and Nrf-2/HO-1 Activation.

Hypoxia-induced neuroinflammation in stroke, neonatal hypoxic encephalopathy, and other diseases subsequently contributes to neurological damage and neuronal diseases. Microglia are the primary neuroimmune cells that play a crucial role in cerebral inflammation. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) has a protective antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects against neuroinflammation.

Toll-Like Receptor 5 Promotes the Neurogenesis From Embryonic Stem Cells and Adult Hippocampal Neural Stem Cells in Mice.

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) make a crucial contribution to the innate immune response. TLR5 was expressed in embryoid body derived from mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) and βIII-tubulin-positive cells under all-trans retinoic acid-treated condition. TLR5 was upregulated during neural differentiation from mESCs and augmented the neural differentiation of mESCs via nuclear factor-κB and interleukin 6/CREB pathways.

Sequential changes in intraocular pressure during strabismus surgery in patients with thyroid eye disease.

Background/aims: To investigate the sequential change in intraocular pressure (IOP) during strabismus surgery in patients with thyroid eye disease (TED).

Methods: This prospective study included patients with TED who underwent strabismus surgery (medial rectus [MR], inferior rectus [IR], and superior rectus [SR] recession) between March 2018 and December 2020. The IOP was measured six times during surgery (5 min after intubation, after isolation of the muscle using a hook and dissection of the surrounding tissue, immediately before muscle detachment, immediately after muscle detachment, after reattachment of the muscle, and after closure of the conjunctiva).

Evaluation of Semen Quality of Jeju Black Cattle (JBC) to Select Bulls Optimal for Breeding and Establish Freezing Conditions Suitable for JBC Sperm.

To optimize the reproduction of Jeju black cattle (JBC), freezing conditions for sperm were established and sperm motility, vitality, morphology, and fertility were evaluated to select the optimal bull for breeding. Semen samples from five JBC bulls were individually mixed with freezing medium at a final concentration of 1 × 108 sperm/mL and frozen in liquid nitrogen vapor at a height of 3 or 7 cm (referred to as 3 cm sperm and 7 cm sperm, respectively). When the freezing conditions were compared, the motility of 7 cm sperm was significantly higher than that of 3 cm sperm for the JBC-A bull.

Spontaneous Recovery of Traumatic Unilateral Superior Oblique Palsy and Ocular Factors for Predicting Prognosis.

Purpose: This study evaluated the prognosis of patients with traumatic unilateral superior oblique palsy (SOP) and clinical factors associated with spontaneous resolution.

Methods: Medical records of patients with traumatic unilateral SOP who visited two hospitals (Yeungnam University Hospital and Daegu Catholic University Medical Center) between January 2015 and June 2020 were reviewed retrospectively. When traumatic unilateral SOP did not recover within at least 1 year of follow-up, no spontaneous resolution was considered.

Inactivation of PI3K/Akt promotes the odontoblastic differentiation and suppresses the stemness with autophagic flux in dental pulp cells.

Background/purpose: Autophagy is involved in controlling differentiation of various cell types. The present study aimed to investigate the mechanism related to autophagy in regulating odontogenic differentiation of dental pulp cells.

Materials And Methods: Human dental pulp cells (HDPCs) were cultured in differentiation inductive medium (DM) and odontoblastic differentiation and mineralization were evaluated by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining and Alizarin red S staining, respectively.

Does Transection of the Superficial MCL During HTO Result in Progressive Valgus Instability? [Formula: see text].

Background: During high tibial osteotomy (HTO), the superficial medial collateral ligament (sMCL) is cut or released at any degree to expose the osteotomy site and achieve the targeted alignment correction according to the surgeon's preference. However, it is still unclear whether transection of sMCL increases valgus laxity.

Purpose: We aimed to assess the outcomes and safety of sMCL transection, especially focusing on iatrogenic valgus instability.

Impact of data extraction errors in meta-analyses on the association between depression and peripheral inflammatory biomarkers: an umbrella review.

Background: Accumulating evidence suggests that alterations in inflammatory biomarkers are important in depression. However, previous meta-analyses disagree on these associations, and errors in data extraction may account for these discrepancies.

Methods: PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, and the Cochrane Library were searched from database inception to 14 January 2020.

Effect of Childhood Trauma on the Association Between Stress-Related Psychological Factors and Hair Cortisol Level in Young Adults.

Objective: Relationship between hair cortisol concentration (HCC) and stress-related psychological measures are inconclusive, possibly due to overlooked heterogeneity regarding childhood trauma and a lack of comprehensive research on stress-related psychological factors. This study aims to compare young adults without history of childhood trauma to young adults who experienced childhood trauma using HCC and various stress-related psychological factors, as well as investigate the impacts of childhood trauma on the association between HCC and stress-related psychological measures.

Methods: A total of 206 young, healthy adults were recruited.

Sex-specific association of hair cortisol concentration with stress-related psychological factors in healthy young adults.

Background: Hair cortisol concentration (HCC) has received attention as a useful marker of stress, but evidence on associations between psychological factors and cortisol concentration is inconsistent. The purpose of this study was to investigate the sex differences in the relationship between cortisol concentration and psychological factors in healthy young adults.

Methods: A total of 205 (103 females, 102 males) healthy young adults participated.

Preoperative rotator cuff tendon integrity, tear size, and muscle atrophy and fatty infiltration are associated with structural outcomes of arthroscopic revision rotator cuff repair.

Purpose: A few studies have focused on factors predisposing to retear after arthroscopic revision rotator cuff repair (ARRCR). This study aimed to retrospectively evaluate (1) the structural and clinical outcomes of ARRCR and (2) pre- and intraoperative factors affecting the integrity of the rotator cuff (RC) tendon by focusing on preoperative RC tendon integrity, tear size, muscle hypotrophy and fatty infiltration.

Methods: Patients who underwent ARRCR between 2006 and 2016 were reviewed.

Enhanced electrochemical biosensing on gold electrodes with a ferri/ferrocyanide redox couple.

Detection of specific DNA is important in many fields. Label-free DNA sensing performed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) or using a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) is widely employed for this purpose. Gold electrodes are mainly used for these techniques due to their chemical stability.

Autophagy upregulates inflammatory cytokines in gingival tissue of patients with periodontitis and lipopolysaccharide-stimulated human gingival fibroblasts.

Background: Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease caused by multiple disease-associated bacterial species in periodontal tissues. Autophagy is known to modulate various inflammation-driven diseases and inflammatory responses, but the role of autophagy related to the pathogenesis of periodontitis is not fully established. We investigated whether autophagic flux regulated the expression of inflammatory cytokines in the gingiva of periodontitis patients and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) and the underlying mechanism.