Nitrate-Photolysis Shortens the Lifetimes of Brown Carbon Tracers from Biomass Burning.

Biomass burning is an important source of brown carbon (BrC) aerosols, which influence climate by affecting the Earth's radiative balance. However, the transformation pathways of BrC chromophores, especially in the presence of photochemically active species, such as nitrate, are not well understood. In this study, the nitrate-mediated aqueous-phase photooxidation of three typical BrC chromophores from biomass burning was investigated, including 4-nitrocatechol, 3-nitrosalicylic acid, and 3,4-dinitrophenol.

M2-polarized tumor-associated macrophage-secreted exosomal lncRNA NEAT1 upregulates galectin-3 by recruiting KLF5 and promotes HCC immune escape.

HCC cell immune escape is a critical element in the evolution of HCC malignancy. Herein, the regulatory mechanism of lncRNA NEAT1 in regulating HCC immune escape was investigated. Exosomes were isolated from M2 TAMs using ExoQuick-TC.

Precise Supramolecular Nanoarchitectonics for Simultaneous Enhanced Photoluminescence and Photocatalysis in a Co-assembly by a Biomimetic Isolation-Conduction Strategy.

Limited by the two mutually exclusive physicochemical processes of separation and recombination of photogenerated carriers, achieving photoluminescence and photocatalysis simultaneously is extremely challenging but essential for ever-growing complex issues and specialized scenarios. Here we proposed a biomimetic isolation-conduction strategy induced by an arene-perfluoroarene (A-P) interaction for enabling photoluminescence and photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity in the co-assembly of aromatic monomers and octafluoronapthalene (OFN). Inspired by the isolation-conduction effect of periodic isolation of myelin sheaths on the axons of vertebrate nerve fibers by node of Ranvier, we use OFN as a molecular isolator embedded in the aromatic monomers array to block the singlet-to-triplet pathway, while the enlarged intermolecular dipoles resulting from the A-P interactions facilitate the conduction of photogenerated carriers in the isolated regions.

Associations of gestational exposure to organophosphate esters with thyroid hormones in cord plasma and the safety threshold of exposure in pregnant women.

Background: As a class of synthetic chemicals, organophosphate esters (OPEs) were shown to have thyroid hormones (THs) disrupting potentials in animal studies, while epidemiological evidence on gestational exposure to OPEs and thyroid disruption is limited. Besides, assessment on the safety threshold of OPEs exposure during gestation is especially scarce.

Methods: Based on the Shanghai Minhang Birth Cohort Study, we measured maternal urine concentration of 8 OPE metabolites and THs levels in cord plasma and examined their associations using multiple linear regression and quantile g-computation (QGC) models.

A Study on the Timing Sensitivity of the Transient Dose Rate Effect on Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Image Sensor Readout Circuits.

Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (CMOS) image sensors (CISs), known for their high integration, low cost, and superior performance, have found widespread applications in satellite and space exploration. However, the readout circuits of pixel arrays are vulnerable to functional failures in complex or intense radiation environments, particularly due to transient γ radiation. Using Technology Computer-Aided Design (TCAD) device simulations and Simulation Program with Integrated Circuit Emphasis (SPICE) circuit simulations, combined with a double-exponential current source fault injection method, this study investigates the transient dose rate effect (TDRE) on a typical readout circuit of CISs.

Unraveling the cGAS/STING signaling mechanism: impact on glycerolipid metabolism and diseases.

The cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) and its downstream effector, the stimulator of interferon genes (STING), are crucial components of the innate immune response, traditionally recognized for their role in detecting cytosolic DNA from pathogens and damaged host cells. However, recent research indicates that the cGAS-STING pathway also significantly impacts metabolic processes, particularly glycerolipid metabolism. Glycerolipids are essential for energy storage and cellular membrane integrity, and their dysregulation is linked to metabolic disorders such as obesity, insulin resistance, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

Climate and vegetation controlling accumulation and translocation of heavy metals in water tower regions of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

Understanding how climate and vegetation influencing accumulation and translocation of heavy metals (HMs) in soils and vegetation in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) is critical to assess the ecological risk induced by HMs under the global warming. To accompany this goal, we comprehensively determined the accumulation and translocation of HMs within the interface of soil-vegetation in water tower regions of the QTP. The PMF model results show that 54 %-86 % of cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), arsenic (As), zinc (Zn) and lead (Pb) in the surface soil are mainly from rock weathering and 54 % of cadmium (Cd) comes from effect of litter return.

Unique genital microbiota in male lichen sclerosus urethral stricture associated with urine exposure.

Background: Lichen sclerosus (LS) is a chronic inflammatory cicatricial skin disease that can lead to urethral stricture or even malignant transformation and the etiology is still unknown. This study comparatively analyzed the balanopreputial swab and urine microbiota simultaneously between male patients with LS urethral stricture (LSUS) and non-LS urethral stricture (non-LSUS).

Methods: We prospectively included 31 male patients with LSUS and 30 with non-LSUS in this case-control study.

Prenatal bisphenol analogs exposure and placental DNA hypomethylation of genes in the PPAR signaling pathway: Insights for bisphenol analogs' effects on infant anthropometry.

Prenatal exposure to bisphenol analogs (BPs) may pose hazards to offspring's health; however, their underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated. DNA methylation, a major epigenetic mechanism, may be involved in early programming following environmental disturbances. In this prospective study, we investigated associations between prenatal BPs exposure and the placental DNA methylation levels of 14 candidate genes in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathway among 205 mother-infant pairs and explored the potential mediating role of the DNA methylation in the association of prenatal BPs exposure with anthropometric measurements of infants aged 1 year.

Changes in Fibrinogen and D-Dimer During Complicated and Uncomplicated Pregnancy.

Introduction: The increase in fibrinogen levels is vital for the formation of a prothrombotic state during gestation to counter-bleeding challenges at delivery. However, pregnancy complications characterized by systemic inflammatory response syndrome may consume fibrinogen, resulting in elevated D-dimer levels.

Methods: Our study is based on a total of 16 768 pregnant women who delivered between December 1, 2013, and December 1, 2018, to study fibrinogen and D-dimer changes during gestation under normal and multiples of pathogenic states.

Extracts Exert Antiaging Effects by Activating the AMPK/SIRT1 Pathway in d-Galactose-Induced Aging Rats.

, a valuable traditional edible and medicinal resource, is recognized for its potential in slowing aging but has not been effectively exploited. This study aimed to explore antiaging activity and mechanisms of extracts (CCe). We used liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to identify 23 CCe compounds and focused on quantifying six nucleoside components as quality markers.