Anti-VEGF Therapy and the Retina: An Update.

Ocular angiogenesis and macular oedema are major causes of sight loss across the world. Aberrant neovascularisation, which may arise secondary to numerous disease processes, can result in reduced vision as a result of oedema, haemorrhage, and scarring. The development of antivascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) agents has revolutionised the treatment of retinal vasogenic conditions.

Repeatability of retinal thickness and volume metrics in neovascular age-related macular degeneration using the Topcon 3DOCT-1000.

Introduction: Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a commonly used imaging modality that provides detailed cross-sectional retinal images. This has revolutionised management of neovascular age-related macular degeneration. The need for repeated anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injections has led to therapy being delivered using OCT-guided retreatment strategies with both qualitative OCT features of disease activity (e.

Randomized Controlled Study of Ocular Lubrication Versus Bandage Contact Lens in the Primary Treatment of Recurrent Corneal Erosion Syndrome.

Purpose: To investigate the efficacy of bandage contact lenses (BCLs) in comparison with that of ocular lubricants (OLs) in the initial management of recurrent corneal erosion syndrome.

Methods: A randomized controlled trial of 29 patients with recurrent corneal erosion syndrome presenting to the ophthalmology departments of the Oxford Eye Hospital and the Royal Berkshire Hospital, United Kingdom. The patients were randomized to wear either BCLs (for a 3-month duration, replaced every 30 days) or use OLs (4 times a day, with Lacri-Lube ointment at night for 3 months).

SDOCT imaging to identify macular pathology in patients diagnosed with diabetic maculopathy by a digital photographic retinal screening programme.

Introduction: Diabetic macular edema (DME) is an important cause of vision loss. England has a national systematic photographic retinal screening programme to identify patients with diabetic eye disease. Grading retinal photographs according to this national protocol identifies surrogate markers for DME.

Genome-wide association identifies ATOH7 as a major gene determining human optic disc size.

Optic nerve assessment is important for many blinding diseases, with cup-to-disc ratio (CDR) assessments commonly used in both diagnosis and progression monitoring of glaucoma patients. Optic disc, cup, rim area and CDR measurements all show substantial variation between human populations and high heritability estimates within populations. To identify loci underlying these quantitative traits, we performed a genome-wide association study in two Australian twin cohorts and identified rs3858145, P=6.

Ischaemic stroke subtypes and their genetic basis: a comprehensive meta-analysis of small and large vessel stroke.

Background: The extent to which genetic effects on the different subtypes of small (SVD) and large vessel disease (LVD) ischaemic stroke differ remains controversial.

Methods: A comprehensive genetic meta-analysis of all genes investigated by ischaemic stroke subtype was conducted. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were determined for each gene disease association.