Feasibility and Acceptability of a Virtual "Dementia Awareness for Caregivers" Course in Brazil and India.

Objective: To establish whether a virtual dementia awareness course is feasible for caregivers of people with dementia in Brazil and India.

Methods: A pre/posttest single group, multisite feasibility study, mixed methods exploratory design was applied. Primary caregivers of people with dementia in Brazil and India took a 3 to 4-hour course adapted for online delivery, with 10 to 15 caregivers.

Prenatally Diagnosed Absent Septum Pellucidum and Septo-Optic Dysplasia: A Narrative Review and Practical Recommendations for Pediatric Neurologists.

Evaluation of the cavum septum pellucidum is required in standard second-trimester screening fetal anatomy ultrasound scans. The absence of septum pellucidum triggers further evaluation and referral for subspecialty counseling. Absence of septum pellucidum is linked to other midline anomalies including septo-optic dysplasia.

FORCE platform overcomes barriers of oligonucleotide delivery to muscle and corrects myotonic dystrophy features in preclinical models.

Background: We developed the FORCE platform to overcome limitations of oligonucleotide delivery to muscle and enable their applicability to neuromuscular disorders. The platform consists of an antigen-binding fragment, highly specific for the human transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1), conjugated to an oligonucleotide via a cleavable valine-citrulline linker. Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is a neuromuscular disorder caused by expanded CUG triplets in the DMPK RNA, which sequester splicing proteins in the nucleus, lead to spliceopathy, and drive disease progression.

Hospital Boarding Creates Critical Shortcomings in Disaster Preparedness.

Hospital patient boarding in emergency departments has reached unprecedented crisis levels over the past 4 years. Boarding and crowding has been demonstrated by prior literature to have adverse effects on patient care as well as increased associated costs. Importantly, the increase in hospital patient boarding has created critical shortcomings in disaster preparedness by limiting the capacity of emergency departments to respond to mass casualty incidents due to space and staffing constraints.

Multi-view domain adaption based multi-scale convolutional conditional invertible discriminator for cross-subject electroencephalogram emotion recognition.

Cross subject Electroencephalogram (EEG) emotion recognition refers to the process of utilizing electroencephalogram signals to recognize and classify emotions across different individuals. It tracks neural electrical patterns, and by analyzing these signals, it's possible to infer a person's emotional state. The objective of cross-subject recognition is to create models or algorithms that can reliably detect emotions in both the same person and several other people.

Communicating neurological prognosis in the prenatal period: a narrative review and practice guidelines.

Clinicians may face an array of challenges in conducting fetal neurological consultations including prognostic uncertainty, a lack of training in fetal counseling, and limited opportunity to build rapport with families. In this setting, it is critical to employ high-quality, family-centered care to allow expectant parents to make informed decisions. Despite the challenges and gravity of these consultations, there remains limited data outlining best conduct and communication practices.

A One-Dimensional Energy Balance Model Parameterization for the Formation of CO Ice on the Surfaces of Eccentric Extrasolar Planets.

Eccentric planets may spend a significant portion of their orbits at large distances from their host stars, where low temperatures can cause atmospheric CO to condense out onto the surface, similar to the polar ice caps on Mars. The radiative effects on the climates of these planets throughout their orbits would depend on the wavelength-dependent albedo of surface CO ice that may accumulate at or near apoastron and vary according to the spectral energy distribution of the host star. To explore these possible effects, we incorporated a CO ice-albedo parameterization into a one-dimensional energy balance climate model.

Nanostructured TiO Surface Enriched with CeO over Ti Metal for Enhanced Cytocompatibility and Osseointegration for Biomedical Applications.

The present study aims to analyze the thermal regulation of the Ce/Ce ratio on the nanonetwork titania layer over the titanium (Ti) surface developed by the alkali-mediated surface modification approach. The effect of sequential heat treatment from 200 to 800 °C was evaluated for its surface characteristics such as morphology, phase formation, roughness, hardness, hydrophilicity, etc. Surface oxidation by temperatures up to 600 °C demonstrated a progressive increase in the Ce (CeO) content with a rutile TiO network layer over the Ti surface.

Synthesis and Characterization of Brucine Gold Nanoparticles for Targeted Breast Cancer Therapy: Mechanistic Insights Into Apoptosis and Antioxidant Disruption in MCF-7 Cells.

Globally, breast cancer continues to be the leading type of cancer affecting women, with rising mortality rates projected by 2030. This highlights the importance of developing new, affordable treatments, like drug delivery systems that use nanoparticles. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), including their exceptional optical and physical attributes, make them an attractive vehicle for targeted treatment, allowing for accurate and focused delivery of medication directly to cancerous cells while reducing harmful side effect.

pmiRScan: a LightGBM based method for prediction of animal pre-miRNAs.

MicroRNAs (miRNA) are categorized as short endogenous non-coding RNAs, which have a significant role in post-transcriptional gene regulation. Identifying new animal precursor miRNA (pre-miRNA) and miRNA is crucial to understand the role of miRNAs in various biological processes including the development of diseases. The present study focuses on the development of a Light Gradient Boost (LGB) based method for the classification of animal pre-miRNAs using various sequence and secondary structural features.

Psychiatric manifestations of encephalitis.

Objective: Encephalitis is a serious and potentially life-threatening condition of infectious or autoimmune cause. We aim to characterize the frequency and clinical spectrum of presenting psychiatric symptoms in encephalitis in order to inform earlier recognition and initiation of treatment.

Methods: This was a retrospective study of adult patients who met the 2013 International Encephalitis Consortium (IEC) and/or 2016 Graus criteria between February 2005 and February 2023.

Actin dysregulation induces immune evasion via oxidative stress-activated PD-L1 in gastric cancer.

Diffuse gastric adenocarcinoma (DGAC) is an aggressive malignancy with limited therapeutic options, poor prognosis, and poorly understood biology. CRACD, an actin polymerization regulator, is often inactivated in gastric cancer, including DGAC. We found that genetic engineering of murine gastric organoids with ablation combined with mutation and loss induced aberrant cell plasticity, hyperproliferation, and hypermucinosis, the features that recapitulate DGAC transcriptional signatures.

Effectiveness of AZD7442 (Tixagevimab/Cilgavimab) for Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Against COVID-19 Hospitalization in Israel During the Omicron Sub-Variant Time Period.

Introduction: The effectiveness of AZD7442 (tixagevimab/cilgavimab) against COVID-19 hospitalizations was determined at 3 and 6 months among immunocompromised individuals in Israel during different variant circulations.

Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study using data from Clalit Health Services in Israel. Immunocompromised individuals eligible to receive AZD7442 300 mg between 15 February and 11 December 2022 were identified.

Exploring the Potential Use of Withania somnifera in Leprosy and Lepra Reactions: A Molecular Docking Approach.

Introduction: Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) is a traditional herb that is cur-rently commercially available for treating a variety of illnesses. By evaluating and verifying docking affinity scores, it is possible to explore the potential of the plant for treating leprosy and lepra-reaction as off-label use.

Methods: The sitoindosides were used as ligands along with thalidomide in docking against targets, such as M.

Association of organ iron levels with type 2 diabetes mellitus and glycemic traits: A bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study.

Introduction: Observational studies have found that higher iron levels are associated with an increased risk of diabetes mellitus. Given the limitations of causal inferences from observational studies and the expensive and time-consuming nature of randomized controlled trials, Mendelian randomization analysis presents a reasonable alternative to study causal relationships. Previous MR analyses studying iron levels and diabetes have used indirect markers of iron levels, such as serum ferritin, and found conflicting results.

TRACERx analysis identifies a role for FAT1 in regulating chromosomal instability and whole-genome doubling via Hippo signalling.

Chromosomal instability (CIN) is common in solid tumours and fuels evolutionary adaptation and poor prognosis by increasing intratumour heterogeneity. Systematic characterization of driver events in the TRACERx non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cohort identified that genetic alterations in six genes, including FAT1, result in homologous recombination (HR) repair deficiencies and CIN. Using orthogonal genetic and experimental approaches, we demonstrate that FAT1 alterations are positively selected before genome doubling and associated with HR deficiency.

Design and implementation of the fractional-order controllers for a real-time nonlinear process using the AGTM optimization technique.

Spherical tanks have been predominantly used in process industries due to their large storage capability. The fundamental challenges in process industries require a very efficient controller to control the various process parameters owing to their nonlinear behavior. The current research work in this paper aims to propose the Approximate Generalized Time Moments (AGTM) optimization technique for designing Fractional-Order PI (FOPI) and Fractional-Order PID (FOPID) controllers for the nonlinear Single Spherical Tank Liquid Level System (SSTLLS).

Sustainability study and SWOT analysis of mixed biofuel blends in engine at various injection pressure analysed by experimentally and statistically.

This study aims to reduce engine emissions while maintaining engine performance and providing a sustainable fuel source for long-term use. It introduces a novel approach by combining pine oil (PO) and lemon grass oil (LGO) with diesel fuel in a specific ratio (10% PO + 10% LGO + 80% Diesel). This work is innovative in that it employs these two distinct low-viscosity biofuel blends in conjunction with diesel fuel in an agricultural engine, resulting in reduced carbon footprints in the tailpipe.

Enhanced fetal hemoglobin production via dual-beneficial mutation editing of the HBG promoter in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells for β-hemoglobinopathies.

Background: Sickle cell disease (SCD) and β-thalassemia patients with elevated gamma globin (HBG1/G2) levels exhibit mild or no symptoms. To recapitulate this natural phenomenon, the most coveted gene therapy approach is to edit the regulatory sequences of HBG1/G2 to reactivate them. By editing more than one regulatory sequence in the HBG promoter, the production of fetal hemoglobin (HbF) can be significantly increased.

Recent focus in non-SELEX-computational approach for de novo aptamer design: A mini review.

Aptamers, single-stranded nucleic acids that bind to specific targets with high affinity and specificity, hold significant promise in various biomedical and biotechnological applications. The traditional method of aptamer selection, SELEX (Systematic Evolution of Ligands by EXponential Enrichment) takes a lot of work and time. Recent advancements in computational methods have revolutionized aptamer design, offering efficient and effective alternatives.

Green synthesis of copper nanoparticles: a promising solution for drug resistance and cancer therapy challenges.

Green synthesis techniques have drawn a lot of interest lately since they are beneficial to the environment and have potential uses in a variety of industries, including biomedicine. Because of their special physicochemical characteristics, copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) have become one of the most interesting options for use in biological applications among nanomaterials. An overview of green synthesis methods for CuNPs is given in this review, along with a discussion of their applications in cancer therapeutics.