A microanatomical study of the precentral cerebral wall in human fetuses of the second trimester with ventriculomegaly and corpus callosal dysgenesis.

Background: The complex structure and function of the cerebrum make it a key focus in neuroscience research. It develops from telencephalic vesicles through processes such as cell growth, division, and migration from the neuroepithelium's ventricular matrix, forming the six-layered isocortex or neocortex. Multipotent neuroepithelial cells give rise to both neuronal and glial precursors, which populate the cerebral cortex.

Multifunctional Nanosystem for Dual Anti-Inflammatory and Antibacterial Photodynamic Therapy in Infectious Diabetic Wounds.

Infectious diabetic wounds present a substantial challenge, characterized by inflammation, infection, and delayed wound healing, leading to elevated morbidity and mortality rates. In this work, we developed a multifunctional lipid nanoemulsion containing quercetin, chlorine e6, and rosemary oil (QCRLNEs) for dual anti-inflammatory and antibacterial photodynamic therapy (APDT) for treating infectious diabetic wounds. The QCRLNEs exhibited spherical morphology with a size of 51 nm with enhanced encapsulation efficiency, skin permeation, and localized delivery at the infected wound site.

A lipo-polymeric hybrid nanosystem with metal enhanced fluorescence for targeted imaging of metastatic breast cancer.

Cancer metastasis plays a major role in failure of therapeutic avenues against cancer. Owing to metastasis, nearly 70-80% of stage IV breast cancer patients lose their lives. Nanodrug delivery systems are playing a critical role in the therapy of metastatic cancer in the recent times.

Pigmented Microbial Extract (PMB) from Species MB2 Strain (PMB1) and Strain MB1 (PMB2) Inhibited Breast Cancer Cells Growth In Vivo and In Vitro.

Breast cancer (BC) continues to be one of the major causes of cancer deaths in women. Progress has been made in targeting hormone and growth factor receptor-positive BCs with clinical efficacy and success. However, little progress has been made to develop a clinically viable treatment for the triple-negative BC cases (TNBCs).

Vitamin D3 Inhibits the Viability of Breast Cancer Cells In Vitro and Ehrlich Ascites Carcinomas in Mice by Promoting Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Arrest and by Impeding Tumor Angiogenesis.

The incidence of aggressive and resistant breast cancers is growing at alarming rates, indicating a necessity to develop better treatment strategies. Recent epidemiological and preclinical studies detected low serum levels of vitamin D in cancer patients, suggesting that vitamin D may be effective in mitigating the cancer burden. However, the molecular mechanisms of vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol, vit-D3)-induced cancer cell death are not fully elucidated.

Snake Venom-specific Phospholipase A2: A Diagnostic Marker for the Management of Snakebite Cases.

Background: Snakebites are a common cause of morbidity and mortality, especially in tropical countries. Snakebites in any community are managed based on the clinical features and intravenous administration of antisnake venom (ASV). The administration of ASV is either deficient or given in excess based on clinical decisions and whole blood clotting test results.

RNAi-based knockdown of candidate gut receptor genes altered the susceptibility of and larvae to a chimeric toxin Cry1AcF.

Background: A multitude of Cry toxins (secreted by or Bt) has been deployed globally either transgenic mean or bio-pesticidal formulations in order to manage insect pests. However, Bt resistance development in insects is emerging as a major concern. To avoid this problem, multiple gene pyramiding or protein-engineered chimeric toxin-based strategy has been analyzed.

2-Dimensional layered molybdenum disulfide nanosheets and CTAB-assisted molybdenum disulfide nanoflower for high performance supercapacitor application.

In this study, the supercapacitor performance of the hydrothermal synthesized molybdenum disulfide (MoS) nanosheets and the cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB)-assisted MoS nanoflower morphology have been investigated. The as-synthesized MoS nanoflower and nanosheet morphology structures were investigated field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and the internal microstructure was examined high resolution-transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) technique. The Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra were obtained to identify the chemical interaction and the functional groups present in the material.

RNAi-mediated knockdown of gut receptor-like genes prohibitin and α-amylase altered the susceptibility of Galleria mellonella to Cry1AcF toxin.

Background: Due to the prolonged usage of Bt-based biopesticides and Bt-transgenic crops worldwide, insects are continually developing resistance against Cry toxins. This resistance may occur if any mechanistic step in the insecticidal process is disrupted possibly because of the alteration in Cry-receptor binding affinity due to mutation in receptor genes. Compared to other lepidopteran insects, Cry receptor-related research has made asymmetric progress in the model insect Galleria mellonella.

A SnOQDs/GO/PPY ternary composite film as positive and graphene oxide/charcoal as negative electrodes assembled solid state asymmetric supercapacitor for high energy storage applications.

The work demonstrates tin oxide quantum dots/graphene oxide/polypyrrole (SnOQDs/GO/PPY) ternary composite deposited on titanium foil as a positive electrode and graphene oxide (GO)/charcoal on titanium foil as negative electrode separated by polyvinyl alcohol/potassium hydroxide (PVA/KOH) gel-electrolyte as a solid-state asymmetric supercapacitor for high energy storage applications. Here, tin oxide quantum dots (SnOQDs) were successfully synthesized by a hydrothermal technique, and SnOQDs/GO/PPY ternary composite was synthesized by an method with pyrrole monomer, SnO, and GO. A pH value controlled, which maintained the uniform size of SnOQDs dispersed on PPY, through GO ternary composite was used for fabricating the asymmetric supercapacitor electrode with the configuration (SnOQDs/GO/PPY)/GO/charcoal (85 : 10 : 5).

Molecular characterization and functional analysis of Cry toxin receptor-like genes from the model insect Galleria mellonella.

Crystal (Cry) toxins produced from the soil bacterium, Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), have gained worldwide attention for long due to their insecticidal potential. A number of receptor proteins located on the epithelial cells of the larval midgut were shown to be crucial for Cry intoxication in different insect pests belonging to order Lepidoptera, Diptera and Coleoptera. A beehive pest, Galleria mellonella, serves as an excellent insect model for biochemical research.

Operating Light Burn in an Orthopaedic Surgery: A Case Report.

A 40-year-old man with old neglected, non-union, pelvic ring injury right side was surgically treated with open reduction and internal fixation. In the immediate postoperative day, the patient had a large blister adjacent to the surgical site at the right inguinal region which complicated with eschar formation, and later split skin grafting was done. Accidental burns in operation theatre are very unusual.

Sex Differences in Animal Models of Sodium-Valproate-Induced Autism in Postnatal BALB/c Mice: Whole-Brain Histoarchitecture and 5-HT2A Receptor Biomarker Evidence.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterised by problems with social interaction, verbal and nonverbal communication and repetitive behaviour. In mice, the 14th postnatal day is believed to correspond to the third trimester of human embryonic development and is considered a vital period for central nervous system development. It has been shown that ASD affects 2 to 3 times more male than female individuals.

The induced knockdown of GmCAD receptor protein encoding gene in Galleria mellonella decreased the insect susceptibility to a Photorhabdus akhurstii oral toxin.

bacteria secrete a repertoire of protein toxins that can kill the host insect. Among them, toxin complex (Tc) proteins have gained significant attention due to their wider conservation across the different bacterial genera. In our laboratory, a C-terminal domain of TcaB protein was characterized from bacterium that conferred the potent oral insecticidal effect on .

In Situ Nanotransformable Hydrogel for Chemo-Photothermal Therapy of Localized Tumors and Targeted Therapy of Highly Metastatic Tumors.

Metastasis is one of the predisposing factors for cancer-related mortalities worldwide. Patients with advanced cancers (stage IV) receive palliative care with minimal possibility of achieving complete remission. Antibody-based therapeutic modalities are capable of targeting tumors that are confined to a particular location but are ineffective in targeting distant secondary tumors.

Endovascular Stem Cell Therapy Post Stroke Rescues Neurons from Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Induced Apoptosis by Modulating Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/Tropomyosin Receptor Kinase B Signaling.

Ischemic stroke is devastating, with serious long-term disabilities affecting millions of people worldwide. Growing evidence has shown that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) administration after stroke provides neuroprotection and enhances the quality of life in stroke patients. Previous studies from our lab have shown that 1 × 10 MSCs administered intra-arterially (IA) at 6 h post stroke provide neuroprotection through the modulation of inflammasome and calcineurin signaling.

Self-Assembled Fluorosome-Polydopamine Complex for Efficient Tumor Targeting and Commingled Photodynamic/Photothermal Therapy of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.

Photodynamic/photothermal therapy (PDT/PTT) that deploys a near-infrared responsive nanosystem is emerging to be a promising modality in cancer treatment. It is highly desirable to have a multifunctional nanosystem that can be used for efficient tumor targeting and inhibiting metastasis/recurrence of cancer. In the current study, self-assembled chlorophyll-rich fluorosomes derived from were developed.

Design, Synthesis, Characterization, and Crystal Structure Studies of Nrf2 Modulators for Inhibiting Cancer Cell Growth In Vitro and In Vivo.

Nrf2 is one of the important therapeutic targets studied extensively in several cancers including the carcinomas of the colon and rectum. However, to date, not many Nrf2 inhibitors showed promising results for retarding the growth of colorectal cancers (CRCs). Therefore, in this study, first, we have demonstrated the therapeutic effect of siRNA-mediated downmodulation of Nrf2 on the proliferation rate of CRC cell lines.

How is Biodegradable Scaffold Effective in Gap Non-union? Insights from an Experiment.

Objective: To evaluate the role of composite (Chitosan/Chondroitin sulphate/gelatin/nano-bioglass) scaffold in the union of critical size bone defect created in the rabbit's ulna.

Methods: The composite (Chitosan/Chondroitin sulphate/gelatin/nano-bioglass) scaffold was fabricated using the freeze-drying technique under standard laboratory conditions. The scaffold was cut into the appropriate size and transferred into the defect created (critical bone size defect 1 cm) over the right ulna in the rabbit.

Non-subungual presentation of osteochondroma in toes-A case report with review of literature.

A 23-year-old male presented with long-standing swelling in the middle of the third toe right side with difficulty in wearing footwear. Clinical examination revealed it as bony hard fixed swelling moving with interphalangeal joint movements. Clinical diagnosis of benign bony swelling was made and radiological investigation demonstrated features suggestive of osteochondroma.

Ameliorative Efficacy of the Root Against High-Fat-Diet + STZ-Induced Type-2 Diabetes in C57BL/6 Mice.

Diabetes mellitus is a major metabolic disorder worldwide. Several herbs are being tested for the management of diabetes. is one of those herbs known for its nutritional value and health benefits.