Effect of multispecies swards on ruminal fermentation, methane emission and potential for climate care cattle farming - an in vitro study.

Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from livestock ruminants, particularly methane (CH), nitrous oxide, and indirectly ammonia (NH) significantly contribute to climate change and global warming. Conventional monoculture swards for cattle feeding, such as perennial ryegrass or Italian ryegrass, usually require substantial fertiliser inputs. Such management elevates soil mineral nitrogen levels, resulting in GHG emissions and potential water contamination.

Some Aspects of the Physiology of the , a Commensal Ciliated Protozoon Taken from the Hindgut of the Tropical Millipede .

In this paper, the growth requirements, fermentation pattern, and hydrolytic enzymatic activities of anaerobic ciliates collected from the hindgut of the African tropical millipede are described. Single-cell molecular analysis showed that ciliates from the millipede hindgut could be assigned to the and a new species named n. sp.

Antibody response and abomasal histopathology of lambs with haemonchosis during supplementation with medicinal plants and organic selenium.

We evaluated the effects of dietary supplementation with medicinal plants (Herbmix) or organic selenium (Selplex) on the immune responses and histopathology of lambs infected with . Twenty-seven lambs were infected and reinfected with approximately 11,000 third-stage larvae of during the experiment (on days 0, 49 and 77). Lambs were divided into two supplemented experimental groups (Herbmix and Selplex) and unsupplemented group (Control).

Impact of Sainfoin () Pellets on Parasitological Status, Antibody Responses, and Antioxidant Parameters in Lambs Infected with .

Our study analyzed the parasitological status, antibody responses, and antioxidant parameters of lambs experimentally infected with a gastrointestinal nematode during the consumption of sainfoin pellets (SFPs) for 14 d. Twenty-four lambs infected with Haemonchus contortus were separated into two groups: untreated animals (control) and animals treated with SFPs (600 g dry matter/d). SFP treatment began on day (D) 30 post-infection.

Corrigendum: Impact of Zinc and/or Herbal Mixture on Ruminal Fermentation, Microbiota, and Histopathology in Lambs.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.

Impact of Zinc and/or Herbal Mixture on Ruminal Fermentation, Microbiota, and Histopathology in Lambs.

We investigated the effect of diets containing organic zinc and a mixture of medicinal herbs on ruminal microbial fermentation and histopathology in lambs. Twenty-eight lambs were divided into four groups: unsupplemented animals (Control), animals supplemented with organic zinc (Zn, 70 mg Zn/kg diet), animals supplemented with a mixture of dry medicinal herbs (Herbs, 100 g dry matter (DM)/d) and animals supplemented with both zinc and herbs (Zn+Herbs). Each lamb was fed a basal diet composed of meadow hay (700 g DM/d) and barley (300 g DM/d).

Effect of and on Antioxidant Parameters and Abomasal Histopathology in Lambs Experimentally Infected with .

This study evaluated the effect of and on antioxidant response and histopathological changes in the abomasa of the infected lambs. Twenty-four lambs were divided into four groups: unsupplemented lambs (UNS), lambs supplemented with (ART), lambs supplemented with (MAL), and lambs supplemented with both plants (ARTMAL). Lambs were infected orally with approximately 5000 third-stage (L3) larvae of .

Does Herbal and/or Zinc Dietary Supplementation Improve the Antioxidant and Mineral Status of Lambs with Parasite Infection?

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of feed supplementation with a medicinal herbs mixture (Hmix) and organic zinc (Zn), alone or in combination, on the antioxidant responses and mineral status of lambs infected with the gastrointestinal nematode parasite . A total of 24 experimentally infected lambs were randomly allocated to 1 of 4 dietary treatments ( = 6). The diets included an unsupplemented control diet (CON) and the CON further supplemented with Hmix, Zn, or both Hmix + Zn.

Can the foregut nematode Haemonchus contortus and medicinal plants influence the fecal microbial community of the experimentally infected lambs?

The abomasal parasitic nematode Haemonchus contortus can influence the abomasal microbiome of the host. On the other hand, no information occurs on the influence of the parasite on the hindgut microbiome of the host. We evaluated the impact of Haemonchus contortus on the fecal microbial community of the experimentally infected lambs treated with a mixture of medicinal herbs to ameliorate the haemonchosis.

Ruminal fermentation, microbial population and lipid metabolism in gastrointestinal nematode-infected lambs fed a diet supplemented with herbal mixtures.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of medicinal herbal mixtures rich in phenolic, flavonoid and alkaloid compounds on ruminal fermentation and microbial populations, and fatty acid (FA) concentrations and lipid oxidation in tissues of lambs infected with the gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) parasite (Haemonchus contortus). Parallel in vitro and in vivo studies were performed using two different herbal mixtures (Mix1 and Mix2). The in vitro study was conducted in a 2 (infection status; non-infected versus infected) × 3 (diets; control, Mix1 and Mix2) factorial design.

Effect of dry medicinal plants (wormwood, chamomile, fumitory and mallow) on in vitro ruminal antioxidant capacity and fermentation patterns of sheep.

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of dry medicinal plants (wormwood, chamomile, fumitory and mallow) and dietary substrates containing a mix of the plants on the end products of in vitro ruminal and intestinal fermentation, rumen protozoan population and ruminal antioxidant capacity of sheep. The experiment consisted of fermentations with the four plants used individually as the sole substrate and fermentation of a mix of medicinal plants (Plants): meadow hay:barley grain (MH:B), 700/300 w/w and Plants:MH:B, 100/600/300 w/w/w. The experiment was conducted using the in vitro gas production technique (IVGPT) with 35 ml of buffered inocula and approximately 250 mg (DM basis) of substrate incubated for 24 hr at 39°C in anaerobic conditions.

Anthelmintic Activity of Wormwood ( L.) and Mallow ( L.) against in Sheep.

The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of dry wormwood and mallow on the gastrointestinal parasite of small ruminants Twenty-four experimentally infected lambs were randomly divided into four groups of six animals each: unsupplemented lambs, lambs supplemented with wormwood, lambs supplemented with mallow and animals supplemented with a mix of both plants. Faecal samples from the lambs were collected on day 23, 29, 36, 43, 50, 57, 64 and 75 post-infection for quantification of the number of eggs per gram (EPG). The mix of both plants contained phenolic acids (10.

Natural chemotherapeutic alternatives for controlling of haemonchosis in sheep.

Background: Parallel in vitro and in vivo experiments were designed to evaluate promising chemotherapeutic alternatives for controlling haemonchosis in ruminants. In vitro anthelmintic activities (egg hatch test - EHT; larval development test - LDT) of aqueous and methanolic herbal extracts Mix1 and Mix2 were investigated. The in vivo effects of dietary supplementation with Mix1 and Mix2 on the parasitological status, inflammatory response, antioxidant parameters and microbial community of the lambs infected experimentally with Haemonchus contortus were investigated.

Ovicidal and larvicidal activity of extracts from medicinal-plants against Haemonchus contortus.

The use of medicinal plants (MP) containing bioactive compounds is an alternative strategy to control of parasitic nematode of small ruminants Haemonchus contortus at various stages of their life cycle. The aims of this study were to determine the in vitro anthelmintic activity of both aqueous and methanolic extracts from 13 medicinal plants typical for Central Europe, and to determine quantity of selected plant secondary metabolites (PSMs) in the methanolic extracts. In vitro egg hatch test and larval development tests were conducted to determine the possible anthelmintic effects of methanolic and aqueous extracts of the roots of Althaea officinalis L.

Modulation of ruminal and intestinal fermentation by medicinal plants and zinc from different sources.

Two experiments were conducted on sheep to determine the effect of dietary supplementation with zinc and a medicinal plant mixture on haematological parameters and microbial activity in the rumen and large intestine. In Experiment 1, 24 male lambs were randomly divided into four groups: One group was fed an unsupplemented basal diet (control), and three groups were fed a diet supplemented with 70 mg Zn/kg diet in the form of Zn sulphate (ZnSO ), a Zn-chelate of glycine hydrate (Zn-Gly) or a Zn-proteinate (Zn-Pro), for five months. The ruminal content was collected separately from each lamb, and batch cultures of ruminal fluid were incubated in vitro with mixture of medicinal plants (Mix) with different roughage:concentrate ratios (800:200 and 400:600, w/w).

Effects of herbal nutraceuticals and/or zinc against Haemonchus contortus in lambs experimentally infected.

Background: The gastrointestinal parasitic nematode Haemonchus contortus is a pathogenic organism resistant to several anthelmintics. This study assessed the efficacy of a medicinal herbal mixture (Herbmix) and organic zinc, as an essential trace element for the proper functioning of both unspecific and specific immune defensive mechanisms, against experimental infections with H. contortus in lambs.

The effects of high dose of two manganese supplements (organic and inorganic) on the rumen microbial ecosystem.

Little is known about the effects of the high dose and types of manganese supplements on rumen environment at manganese intake level close above the limit of 150 mg/kg of dry feed matter. The effects of high dose of two manganese supplements (organic and inorganic) on rumen microbial ecosystem after four months of treatment of 18 lambs divided into three treatment groups were studied. We examined the enzyme activities (α-amylase, xylanase, and carboxymethyl cellulase), total and differential microscopic counts of rumen ciliates, total microscopic counts of bacteria, and fingerprinting pattern of the eubacterial and ciliates population analyzed by PCR-DGGE.

Effects of Different Dietary Selenium Sources on Antioxidant Status and Blood Phagocytic Activity in Sheep.

The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effects of feed supplementation with equivalent doses of selenium from sodium selenite (SS) or selenized yeast (SY) on Se deposition, selenoenzyme activity and lipid peroxidation in tissues as well as in bacterial and protozoal fractions of rumen contents in sheep. The phagocytic activity of monocytes and neutrophils in whole blood was also assessed after 3 months of dietary treatment. While animals in the control group were fed with unsupplemented basal diet (BD) containing only background Se (0.

[Treatment of Unilateral Amblyopia. Comparison of Methods CAM and CRCS Color Reversal Checkerboard Stimulation of Retina].

The authors evaluate the effectiveness of new method - Color Reversal Checkerboard Stimulation of the retina (CRCS) in the treatment of unilateral anisometropic amblyopia in group of total 157 children followed during the period 2008-2012 at the Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology, University Hospital and Masaryk University in Brno. The authors evaluate the improvement in best corrected visual acuity in groups of children with myopic and hyperopic anisometropia and compare the effectiveness of CRCS with a commonly used pleoptic method Campbell visual stimulator. Authors introduce an original method in the amblyopia treatment suitable to upgrade current methods of pleoptics.